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      Z‐Scheme Photocatalytic Systems for Solar Water Splitting

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          Abstract

          As the world decides on the next giant step for the renewable energy revolution, scientists have begun to reinforce their headlong dives into the exploitation of solar energy. Hitherto, numerous attempts are made to imitate the natural photosynthesis of plants by converting solar energy into chemical fuels which resembles the “Z‐scheme” process. A recreation of this system is witnessed in artificial Z‐scheme photocatalytic water splitting to generate hydrogen (H 2). This work outlines the recent significant implication of the Z‐scheme system in photocatalytic water splitting, particularly in the role of electron mediator and the key factors that improve the photocatalytic performance. The Review begins with the fundamental rationales in Z‐scheme water splitting, followed by a survey on the development roadmap of three different generations of Z‐scheme system: 1) PS‐A/D‐PS (first generation), 2) PS‐C‐PS (second generation), and 3) PS‐PS (third generation). Focus is also placed on the scaling up of the “leaf‐to‐tree” challenge of Z‐scheme water splitting system, which is also known as Z‐scheme photocatalyst sheet. A detailed investigation of the Z‐scheme system for achieving H 2 evolution from past to present accompanied with in‐depth discussion on the key challenges in the area of Z‐scheme photocatalytic water splitting are provided.

          Abstract

          The significant implication of Z‐scheme systems of different generations in photocatalytic water splitting, from past to present, is outlined and reviewed. The rationales and mechanisms in Z‐scheme systems, followed by a survey on the development roadmap of Z‐scheme systems from the first to third generation are presented. Lastly, the rapid emergence of particulate Z‐scheme photocatalyst sheets is outlined.

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          Author and article information

          Contributors
          chai.siang.piao@monash.edu
          Journal
          Adv Sci (Weinh)
          Adv Sci (Weinh)
          10.1002/(ISSN)2198-3844
          ADVS
          Advanced Science
          John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
          2198-3844
          13 February 2020
          April 2020
          : 7
          : 7 ( doiID: 10.1002/advs.v7.7 )
          : 1903171
          Affiliations
          [ 1 ] Multidisciplinary Platform of Advanced Engineering Chemical Engineering Discipline School of Engineering Monash University Jalan Lagoon Selatan 47500 Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
          [ 2 ] Mechanical Engineering Discipline School of Engineering Monash University Jalan Lagoon Selatan 47500 Bandar Sunway Selangor Malaysia
          Author notes
          Author information
          https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8635-1762
          Article
          ADVS1575
          10.1002/advs.201903171
          7141076
          32274312
          c1c5c2b2-bb14-46d1-8599-bc78246f54b5
          © 2020 The Authors. Published by WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

          This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

          History
          : 07 November 2019
          : 22 December 2019
          Page count
          Figures: 57, Tables: 11, Pages: 42, Words: 24207
          Funding
          Funded by: Ministry of Education (MOE) Malaysia
          Award ID: FRGS‐MRSA/1/2018/TK02/MUSM/01/1
          Categories
          Review
          Reviews
          Custom metadata
          2.0
          April 8, 2020
          Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:5.7.9 mode:remove_FC converted:08.04.2020

          artificial photosynthesis,electron mediators,hydrogen,water splitting,z‐scheme

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