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      Evaluación de subpoblaciones de linfocitos T en bovinos vacunados contra la tuberculosis bovina: estudio longitudinal comparativo Translated title: Evaluation of T lymphocyte subpopulations in cattle vaccinated against bovine tuberculosis: longitudinal comparative study

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          Abstract

          La respuesta inmune a las micobacterias es compleja y en ella participan diferentes poblaciones de linfocitos T; sin embargo la clave en la defensa contra estos microorganismos es el establecimiento de una respuesta inmune tipo Th1. El objetivo fue realizar un análisis de las diferentes subpoblaciones de linfocitos T y de la expresión del marcador de activación en becerras vacunadas con BCG, o con el extracto proteico del filtrado de cultivo (CEPE) de Mycobacterium bovis bajo condiciones de campo. Se formaron tres grupos con cinco becerras cada uno, seleccionadas aleatoriamente. Uno se inoculó subcutáneamente con BCG, 10(4) UFC; otro con 300 μg/ml del CFPE y el tercero fue el testigo. Los resultados de seguimiento de la respuesta inmune se analizaron por MANOVA. La BCG indujo la producción de IFN-γ en una etapa más temprana que el CFPE, sin diferencia estadística entre ellos. El CFPE además de inducir la producción de IFN-γ favoreció la respuesta mediada por anticuerpos (P<0.05). En el grupo vacunado con BCG se observó un mayor porcentaje de linfocitos T CD4 en los cultivos estimulados con PPD bovis (P<0.05). La proporción de linfocitos T γδ activados fue mayor en el grupo vacunado con CFPE en el día 30 postvacunación; misma que se incrementó para el grupo BCG al día 60. La dosis de vacuna BCG empleada fue capaz de inducir una respuesta proliferativa de linfocitos CD4 con mayores niveles de IFN-γ que el CFPE como inmunógeno, señalando el desarrollo de una mejor respuesta inmune en los becerros vacunados con la BCG.

          Translated abstract

          The immune response to mycobacteria is complex and involves different T cell subsets. However, the key in the resistance against the bacillus is the establishment of a cell-mediated immune response. The objective of this study was to carry out a comparative analysis of different subpopulations of T lymphocytes and expression of cellular activation marker CD25 in calves vaccinated with BCG or with Mycobacterium bovis culture filtrate protein extract (CEPE) under field conditions. Three randomly assigned groups of 5 calves each were formed. One of them vaccinated subcutaneously with BCG, 10(4) CFU; another with 300 μg/ml of CFPE and the third group was the control. The results of monitoring the immune response were analyzed by MANOVA. The BCG induced IFN-γ production in an earlier stage than the CFPE in the vaccinated groups with no statistical difference between them. The CFPE, besides inducing IFN-γ production, enhanced antibody-mediated response (P<0.05). The group vaccinated with BCG showed a higher percentage of CD4 T lymphocytes in cultures stimulated with bovine PPD (P< 0.05). The rate of γδ T lymphocyte activation was higher in CFPE group at d 30 post-vaccination, which increased for BCG group at d 60. Thus the dose of BCG vaccine used in the study was capable of inducing a proliferative response of CD4 T cells with higher levels of IFN-γ than CFPE as immunogen, indicating a better immune system enhancement in calves vaccinated with BCG.

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          Most cited references47

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          A Rapid and Sensitive Method for the Quantitation of Microgram Quantities of Protein Utilizing the Principle of Protein-Dye Binding

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            Failure of the Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine: some species of environmental mycobacteria block multiplication of BCG and induction of protective immunity to tuberculosis.

            The efficacy of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) varies enormously in different populations. The prevailing hypothesis attributes this variation to interactions between the vaccine and mycobacteria common in the environment, but the precise mechanism has so far not been clarified. Our study demonstrates that prior exposure to live environmental mycobacteria can result in a broad immune response that is recalled rapidly after BCG vaccination and controls the multiplication of the vaccine. In these sensitized mice, BCG elicits only a transient immune response with a low frequency of mycobacterium-specific cells and no protective immunity against TB. In contrast, the efficacy of TB subunit vaccines was unaffected by prior exposure to environmental mycobacteria. Six different isolates from soil and sputum samples from Karonga district in Northern Malawi (a region in which BCG vaccination has no effect against pulmonary TB) were investigated in the mouse model, and two strains of the Mycobacterium avium complex were found to block BCG activity completely.
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              Tuberculosis Immunity: Opportunities from Studies with Cattle

              Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis share >99% genetic identity and induce similar host responses and disease profiles upon infection. There is a rich history of codiscovery in the development of control measures applicable to both human and bovine tuberculosis (TB) including skin-testing procedures, M. bovis BCG vaccination, and interferon-γ release assays. The calf TB infection model offers several opportunities to further our understanding of TB immunopathogenesis. Recent observations include correlation of central memory immune responses with TB vaccine efficacy, association of SIRPα + cells in ESAT-6:CFP10-elicited multinucleate giant cell formation, early γδ T cell responses to TB, antimycobacterial activity of memory CD4+ T cells via granulysin production, association of specific antibody with antigen burden, and suppression of innate immune gene expression in infected animals. Partnerships teaming researchers with veterinary and medical perspectives will continue to provide mutual benefit to TB research in man and animals.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rmcp
                Revista mexicana de ciencias pecuarias
                Rev. mex. de cienc. pecuarias
                Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico )
                2007-1124
                2448-6698
                June 2012
                : 3
                : 2
                : 137-154
                Affiliations
                [03] orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Bioquímica
                [04] orgnameUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia
                [01] México orgnameUniversidad Autónoma Metropolitana
                [02] orgnameInstituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias orgdiv1Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Microbiología Animal México diof0009@ 123456servidor.unam.mx.
                Article
                S2007-11242012000200001 S2007-1124(12)00300200001
                c1d3d6d3-424c-4efd-9602-93a68dd63e09

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 17 August 2010
                : 14 January 2011
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 18
                Product

                SciELO Mexico

                Categories
                Artículos

                Vacunas,Vaccines,Bovine tuberculosis,Inmunidad,Linfocitos,Tuberculosis bovina,Lymphocytes,Immunity

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