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      La promoción de la salud en el trabajo. Un paso más en prevención de riesgos laborales. Revisión Translated title: Health promotion at work. A step forward in occupational risk prevention. Review

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN La promoción de la salud es definida por la Organización Mundial de la Salud como el proceso que permite a las personas incrementar el control sobre su salud. Se lleva a la práctica usando enfoques participativos para crear condiciones que garanticen la salud y el bienestar para todos. Implica dar un paso más en prevención de riesgos y requiere de una sólida estructura preventiva en las empresas. La implementación de los programas de promoción de la salud ha sido distinta en cada país en función de su normativa preventiva, medios disponibles e implicación de empresarios y trabajadores. España, en 2013, puso en marcha el proyecto Empresas Saludables inspirado en lo desarrollado por la Red Europea de Promoción de la Salud en el Trabajo. Actualmente, se propone un nuevo modelo organizativo incluyendo los conceptos de prevención de riesgos, promoción de la salud y sostenibilidad, eficiencia y responsabilidad corporativa.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Health promotion is defined by the World Health Organization as the process of enabling people to increase control over their health. It is implemented using participatory approaches to create conditions that ensure health and well-being for all. It involves going a step further in risk prevention and requires a solid preventive structure in companies. The implementation of health promotion programs has been different in each country depending on their preventive regulations, available means and involvement of employers and workers Spain, in 2013, launched the Healthy Companies project inspired by the work of the European Network for Health Promotion at Work. Currently a new organizational model is proposed including the concepts of risk prevention, health promotion and sustainability, efficiency and corporate responsibility.

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          Most cited references21

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          Employers’ views on the promotion of workplace health and wellbeing: a qualitative study

          Background The evidence surrounding the value of workplace health promotion in positively influencing employees’ health and wellbeing via changes to their health behaviours is growing. The aim of the study was to explore employers’ views on the promotion of workplace health and wellbeing and the factors affecting these views. Methods Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, 10 focus groups were conducted with employers selected from a range of industries and geographical locations within Western Australia. The total sample size was 79. Results Three factors were identified: employers’ conceptualization of workplace health and wellbeing; employers’ descriptions of (un)healthy workers and perceptions surrounding the importance of healthy workers; and employers’ beliefs around the role the workplace should play in influencing health. Conclusions Progress may be viable in promoting health and wellbeing if a multifaceted approach is employed taking into account the complex factors influencing employers’ views. This could include an education campaign providing information about what constitutes health and wellbeing beyond the scope of occupational health and safety paradigms along with information on the benefits of workplace health and wellbeing aligned with perceptions relating to healthy and unhealthy workers.
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            Health promotion in smaller workplaces in the United States.

            Most American workplaces are smaller, with fewer than 1,000 employees. Many of these employees are low-wage earners and at increased risk for chronic diseases. Owing to the challenges smaller workplaces face to offering health-promotion programs, their employees often lack access to health-promotion opportunities available at larger workplaces. Many smaller employers do not offer health insurance, which is currently the major funding vehicle for health-promotion services. They also have few health-promotion vendors to serve them and low internal capacity for, and commitment to, delivery of on-site programs. The programs they offer, whether aimed at health promotion alone or integrated with health protection, are rarely comprehensive and are understudied. Research priorities for health promotion in smaller workplaces include developing programs feasible for the smallest workplaces with fewer than 20 employees. Policy priorities include incentives for smaller workplaces to implement comprehensive programs and an ongoing system for monitoring and evaluation.
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              Results of the Workplace Health in America Survey

              Purpose: To provide a nationally representative snapshot of workplace health promotion (WHP) and protection practices among United States worksites. Design: Cross-sectional, self-report Workplace Health in America (WHA) Survey between November 2016 and September 2017. Setting: National. Participants: Random sample of US worksites with ≥10 employees, stratified by region, size, and North American Industrial Classification System sector. Measures: Workplace health promotion programs, program administration, evidence-based strategies, health screenings, disease management, incentives, work-life policies, implementation barriers, and occupational safety and health (OSH). Analysis: Descriptive statistics, t tests, and logistic regression. Results: Among eligible worksites, 10.1% (n = 3109) responded, 2843 retained in final sample, and 46.1% offered some type of WHP program. The proportion of comparable worksites with comprehensive programs (as defined in Healthy People 2010) rose from 6.9% in 2004 to 17.1% in 2017 ( P < .001). Occupational safety and health programs were more prevalent than WHP programs, and 83.5% of all worksites had an individual responsible for employee safety, while only 72.2% of those with a WHP program had an individual responsible for it. Smaller worksites were less likely than larger to offer most programs. Conclusion: The prevalence of WHP programs has increased but remains low across most health programs; few worksites have comprehensive programs. Smaller worksites have persistent deficits and require targeted approaches; integrated OSH and WHP efforts may help. Ongoing monitoring using the WHA Survey benchmarks OSH and WHP in US worksites, updates estimates from previous surveys, and identifies gaps in research and practice.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                medtra
                Revista de la Asociación Española de Especialistas en Medicina del Trabajo
                Rev Asoc Esp Espec Med Trab
                Asociación Española de Especialistas en Medicina del Trabajo (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1132-6255
                2022
                : 31
                : 3
                : 300-309
                Affiliations
                [2] La Rioja orgnameUniversidad de La Rioja orgdiv1curso experto en gestión y organización de empresas saludables Spain
                [3] La Rioja orgnameUniversidad de La Rioja orgdiv1curso experto en gestión y organización de empresas saludables Spain
                [1] La Rioja orgnameUniversidad de La Rioja orgdiv1curso experto en gestión y organización de empresas saludables Spain
                Article
                S1132-62552022000300008 S1132-6255(22)03100300008
                c1de31dd-77bf-4f5a-8e18-4e6eb9823930

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 04 September 2022
                : 05 July 2022
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Revisión

                occupational health,health promotion,healthy company,promoción de la salud,empresa saludable,salud laboral

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