6
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Patterns of Sex Chromosome Differentiation in Spiders: Insights from Comparative Genomic Hybridisation

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Spiders are an intriguing model to analyse sex chromosome evolution because of their peculiar multiple X chromosome systems. Y chromosomes were considered rare in this group, arising after neo-sex chromosome formation by X chromosome-autosome rearrangements. However, recent findings suggest that Y chromosomes are more common in spiders than previously thought. Besides neo-sex chromosomes, they are also involved in the ancient X 1X 2Y system of haplogyne spiders, whose origin is unknown. Furthermore, spiders seem to exhibit obligatorily one or two pairs of cryptic homomorphic XY chromosomes (further cryptic sex chromosome pairs, CSCPs), which could represent the ancestral spider sex chromosomes. Here, we analyse the molecular differentiation of particular types of spider Y chromosomes in a representative set of ten species by comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH). We found a high Y chromosome differentiation in haplogyne species with X 1X 2Y system except for Loxosceles spp. CSCP chromosomes exhibited generally low differentiation. Possible mechanisms and factors behind the observed patterns are discussed. The presence of autosomal regions marked predominantly or exclusively with the male or female probe was also recorded. We attribute this pattern to intraspecific variability in the copy number and distribution of certain repetitive DNAs in spider genomes, pointing thus to the limits of CGH in this arachnid group. In addition, we confirmed nonrandom association of chromosomes belonging to particular CSCPs at spermatogonial mitosis and spermatocyte meiosis and their association with multiple Xs throughout meiosis. Taken together, our data suggest diverse evolutionary pathways of molecular differentiation in different types of spider Y chromosomes.

          Related collections

          Most cited references100

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          The evolutionary dynamics of repetitive DNA in eukaryotes.

          Repetitive DNA sequences form a large portion of the genomes of eukaryotes. The 'selfish DNA' hypothesis proposes that they are maintained by their ability to replicate within the genome. The behaviour of repetitive sequences can result in mutations that cause genetic diseases, and confer significant fitness losses on the organism. Features of the organization of repetitive sequences in eukaryotic genomes, and their distribution in natural populations, reflect the evolutionary forces acting on selfish DNA.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Y-chromosome evolution: emerging insights into processes of Y-chromosome degeneration.

            The human Y chromosome is intriguing not only because it harbours the master-switch gene that determines gender but also because of its unusual evolutionary history. The Y chromosome evolved from an autosome, and its evolution has been characterized by massive gene decay. Recent whole-genome and transcriptome analyses of Y chromosomes in humans and other primates, in Drosophila species and in plants have shed light on the current gene content of the Y chromosome, its origins and its long-term fate. Furthermore, comparative analysis of young and old Y chromosomes has given further insights into the evolutionary and molecular forces triggering Y-chromosome degeneration and into the evolutionary destiny of the Y chromosome.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              Extraction of high molecular weight DNA from molluscs.

              (1993)
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Genes (Basel)
                Genes (Basel)
                genes
                Genes
                MDPI
                2073-4425
                24 July 2020
                August 2020
                : 11
                : 8
                : 849
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic; dolezalkova@ 123456iapg.cas.cz
                [2 ]Laboratory of Arachnid Cytogenetics, Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic; michaela.pappova.tn@ 123456gmail.com (M.P.); formivelkejpan@ 123456seznam.cz (M.F.); Dweep2@ 123456seznam.cz (K.D.); david.sadilek@ 123456natur.cuni.cz (D.S.); barahruba@ 123456seznam.cz (B.H.); spider@ 123456natur.cuni.cz (J.K.)
                [3 ]Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; petr.nguyen@ 123456prf.jcu.cz (P.N.); m.dalikova@ 123456gmail.com (M.D.); maggie@ 123456prf.jcu.cz (M.Z.)
                [4 ]Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Entomology, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; marec@ 123456entu.cas.cz
                [5 ]Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: sember@ 123456iapg.cas.cz ; Tel.: +420-315-639575
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4441-9615
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9463-2903
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1395-4287
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6745-5603
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0266-8894
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0571-7564
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7002-6201
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8482-9614
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6442-8554
                Article
                genes-11-00849
                10.3390/genes11080849
                7466014
                32722348
                c1f6f765-9335-4c49-815f-6d36c83b15e0
                © 2020 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 21 June 2020
                : 21 July 2020
                Categories
                Article

                achiasmatic pairing,arthropoda,in situ hybridisation,karyotype evolution,male-specific region,neo-sex chromosome,repetitive dna,y chromosome,x1x2y,x1x20

                Comments

                Comment on this article