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      Are one-year changes in adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines associated with depressive symptoms among youth?

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          Abstract

          Background

          There remains a need for prospective research examining movement behaviours in the prevention and management of mental illness. This study examined whether changes in adherence to the 24-h Movement Guidelines (moderate-to-vigorous physical activity [MVPA], sleep duration, screen time) were associated with depression symptoms among youth.

          Methods

          Conditional change models were used to analyze two waves of longitudinal questionnaire data (2016/17, 2017/18) from students in grades 9–12 ( N = 2292) attending 12 schools in Ontario and British Columbia, Canada, as part of the COMPASS study. One-year change in adherence to the MVPA, screen time, and sleep duration guidelines were modeled as predictors of depressive symptoms, adjusting for covariates and prior year depressive symptoms. Models were stratified by sex.

          Results

          Continued adherence to sleep guidelines and transitioning from inadequate to sufficient sleep were associated with lower depressive symptoms than continued nonadherence, and continued adherence was associated with lower depression than transitioning from sufficient to short sleep. For screen time, transitioning from exceeding guidelines to guideline adherence was associated with lower depressive symptoms than continued nonadherence. MVPA guideline adherence was not associated with depression scores, when controlling for sleep and screen time guideline adherence change and covariates. When combined, meeting additional guidelines than the year prior was associated with lower depressive symptoms among females only.

          Conclusions

          Adherence to the sleep guidelines emerged as the most consistent predictor of depression symptoms. Promoting adherence to the Movement Guidelines, particularly sleep, should be considered priorities for youth mental health at a population level.

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          Most cited references71

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          Childhood and adolescent depression: a review of the past 10 years. Part I.

          To qualitatively review the literature of the past decade covering the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, natural course, biology, and other correlates of early-onset major depressive disorder (MDD) and dysthymic disorder (DD). A computerized search for articles published during the past 10 years was made and selected studies are presented. Early-onset MDD and DD are frequent, recurrent, and familial disorders that tend to continue into adulthood, and they are frequently accompanied by other psychiatric disorders. These disorders are usually associated with poor psychosocial and academic outcome and increased risk for substance abuse, bipolar disorder, and suicide. In addition, DD increases the risk for MDD. There is a secular increase in the prevalence of MDD, and it appears that MDD is occurring at an earlier age in successive cohorts. Several genetic, familial, demographic, psychosocial, cognitive, and biological correlates of onset and course of early-onset depression have been identified. Few studies, however, have examined the combined effects of these correlates. Considerable advances have been made in our knowledge of early-onset depression. Nevertheless, further research is needed in understanding the pathogenesis of childhood mood disorders. Toward this end, studies aimed at elucidating mechanisms and interrelationships among the different domains of risk factors are needed.
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            Depression in sleep disturbance: A review on a bidirectional relationship, mechanisms and treatment

            Abstract Sleep disturbance is the most prominent symptom in depressive patients and was formerly regarded as a main secondary manifestation of depression. However, many longitudinal studies have identified insomnia as an independent risk factor for the development of emerging or recurrent depression among young, middle‐aged and older adults. This bidirectional association between sleep disturbance and depression has created a new perspective that sleep problems are no longer an epiphenomenon of depression but a predictive prodromal symptom. In this review, we highlight the treatment of sleep disturbance before, during and after depression, which probably plays an important role in improving outcomes and preventing the recurrence of depression. In clinical practice, pharmacological therapies, including hypnotics and antidepressants, and non‐pharmacological therapies are typically applied. A better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms between sleep disturbance and depression can help psychiatrists better manage this comorbidity.
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              In search of lost sleep: secular trends in the sleep time of school-aged children and adolescents.

              Sleep deficits are associated with a wide range of detrimental physical and mental health outcomes. There is concern that children are not getting enough sleep, and that sleep duration has been declining. However, evidence is sparse. A systematic review of world literature was conducted to locate studies reporting the sleep duration of children aged 5-18 years. Monte Carlo simulation was used to generate pseudodata from summary data, which were combined with raw data and analysed by linear regression of sleep duration on year of measurement at the age × sex × day type × country level. Data were available on 690,747 children from 20 countries, dating from 1905 to 2008. From these data, 641 regressions were derived. The sample-weighted median rate of change was -0.75 min nightly per year, indicating a decrease of more than 1 h per night over the study period. Rates of change were negative across age, sex and day type categories, but varied according to region, with Europe, the USA, Canada and Asia showing decreases and Australia, the UK and Scandinavia showing increases. Over the last 103 years, there have been consistent rapid declines in the sleep duration of children and adolescents. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                kpatte@brocku.ca
                Journal
                BMC Public Health
                BMC Public Health
                BMC Public Health
                BioMed Central (London )
                1471-2458
                27 May 2020
                27 May 2020
                2020
                : 20
                : 793
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.411793.9, ISNI 0000 0004 1936 9318, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, , Brock University, ; Niagara Region, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1 Canada
                [2 ]GRID grid.46078.3d, ISNI 0000 0000 8644 1405, School of Public Health and Health Systems, , University of Waterloo, ; 200 University Ave, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1 Canada
                [3 ]GRID grid.17091.3e, ISNI 0000 0001 2288 9830, School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Education, , University of British Columbia, ; Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4 Canada
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5214-1943
                Article
                8887
                10.1186/s12889-020-08887-z
                7251664
                32460742
                c2093be8-ef1f-4cd0-a6f1-0f9a22388bc0
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                : 2 January 2020
                : 10 May 2020
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000035, Institute of Nutrition, Metabolism and Diabetes;
                Award ID: OOP-110788
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000036, Institute of Population and Public Health;
                Award ID: MOP-114875
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000024, Canadian Institutes of Health Research;
                Award ID: PJT-148562
                Award ID: PJT-149092
                Award ID: PJT-159693
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: Health Canada
                Award ID: #1617-HQ-000012
                Award Recipient :
                Categories
                Research Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2020

                Public health
                sleep,physical activity,screen time,mental health,adolescents,sedentary behaviour
                Public health
                sleep, physical activity, screen time, mental health, adolescents, sedentary behaviour

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