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      Diatom evidence of 20th century ecosystem change in Lake Baikal, Siberia

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          Abstract

          Lake Baikal has been experiencing limnological changes from recent atmospheric warming since the 1950s, with rising lake water temperatures, reduced ice cover duration and reduced lake surface-water mixing due to stronger thermal stratification. This study uses lake sediment cores to reconstruct recent changes (c. past 20 years) in Lake Baikal’s pelagic diatom communities relative to previous 20 th century diatom assemblage records collected in 1993 and 1994 at the same locations in the lake. Recent changes documented within the core-top diatom records agree with predictions of diatom responses to warming at Lake Baikal. Sediments in the south basin of the lake exhibit clear temporal changes, with the most rapid occurring in the 1990’s with shifts towards higher abundances of the cosmopolitan Synedra acus and a decline in endemic species, mainly Cyclotella minuta and Stephanodiscus meyerii and to a lesser extent Aulacoseira baicalensis and Aulacoseira skvortzowii. The north basin, in contrast, shows no evidence of recent diatom response to lake warming despite marked declines in north basin ice cover in recent decades. This study also shows no diatom-inferred evidence of eutrophication from deep water sediments. However, due to the localised impacts seen in areas of Lake Baikal’s shoreline from nutrient pollution derived from inadequate sewage treatment, urgent action is vital to prevent anthropogenic pollution extending into the open waters.

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          Most cited references72

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          Historical trends in lake and river ice cover in the northern hemisphere

          Freeze and breakup dates of ice on lakes and rivers provide consistent evidence of later freezing and earlier breakup around the Northern Hemisphere from 1846 to 1995. Over these 150 years, changes in freeze dates averaged 5.8 days per 100 years later, and changes in breakup dates averaged 6.5 days per 100 years earlier; these translate to increasing air temperatures of about 1.2 degrees C per 100 years. Interannual variability in both freeze and breakup dates has increased since 1950. A few longer time series reveal reduced ice cover (a warming trend) beginning as early as the 16th century, with increasing rates of change after about 1850.
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            Climate-driven regime shifts in the biological communities of arctic lakes.

            Fifty-five paleolimnological records from lakes in the circumpolar Arctic reveal widespread species changes and ecological reorganizations in algae and invertebrate communities since approximately anno Domini 1850. The remoteness of these sites, coupled with the ecological characteristics of taxa involved, indicate that changes are primarily driven by climate warming through lengthening of the summer growing season and related limnological changes. The widespread distribution and similar character of these changes indicate that the opportunity to study arctic ecosystems unaffected by human influences may have disappeared.
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              Segmented: an R package to fit regression models with broken- line relationships

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: MethodologyRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: MethodologyRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                19 December 2018
                2018
                : 13
                : 12
                : e0208765
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
                [2 ] School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
                [3 ] Institute of Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia
                [4 ] Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology EAWAG-ETH, Zürich, Switzerland
                [5 ] Environmental Change Research Centre, Department of Geography, University College London, London, United Kingdom
                Chinese Academy of Sciences, CHINA
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5964-9176
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4750-9504
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3411-9945
                Article
                PONE-D-18-23721
                10.1371/journal.pone.0208765
                6300214
                30566423
                c22be9c2-ddfc-49fb-b586-fe3d86074465
                © 2018 Roberts et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 11 August 2018
                : 21 November 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 1, Pages: 20
                Funding
                Funded by: Natural Environment Research Council
                Award ID: NE/J00829X/1, NE/J010227/1, NE/J007765/1
                Award Recipient :
                This work was supported by the Natural Environment Research Council (grants NE/J00829X/1, NE/J010227/1, and NE/J007765/1), (NERC) Standard Grants.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Eukaryota
                Plants
                Algae
                Phytoplankton
                Diatoms
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Eukaryota
                Animals
                Invertebrates
                Plankton
                Phytoplankton
                Diatoms
                Earth Sciences
                Marine and Aquatic Sciences
                Bodies of Water
                Lakes
                Ecology and Environmental Sciences
                Aquatic Environments
                Freshwater Environments
                Lakes
                Earth Sciences
                Marine and Aquatic Sciences
                Aquatic Environments
                Freshwater Environments
                Lakes
                Earth Sciences
                Geology
                Petrology
                Sediment
                Earth Sciences
                Geology
                Sedimentary Geology
                Sediment
                Earth Sciences
                Hydrology
                Surface Water
                Physical Sciences
                Materials Science
                Material Properties
                Surface Properties
                Surface Temperature
                Earth Sciences
                Seasons
                Summer
                Earth Sciences
                Seasons
                Spring
                Earth Sciences
                Marine and Aquatic Sciences
                Oceanography
                Water Columns
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the manuscript files.

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

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