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      Fas ligand in human serum.

      Nature medicine
      Animals, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Base Sequence, DNA Primers, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Fas Ligand Protein, Humans, In Vitro Techniques, Killer Cells, Natural, immunology, metabolism, Leukemia, T-Cell, blood, Ligands, Lymphocyte Activation, Lymphoma, genetics, Membrane Glycoproteins, Metalloendopeptidases, Mice, Molecular Sequence Data, Neutralization Tests, Solubility, T-Lymphocytes, Transformation, Genetic

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          Abstract

          The Fas ligand (FasL), a member of the tumor necrosis factor family, induces apoptosis in Fas-bearing cells. The membrane-bound human FasL was found to be converted to a soluble form (sFasL) by the action of a matrix metalloproteinase-like enzyme. Two neutralizing monoclonal anti-human FasL antibodies were identified, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for sFasL in human sera was established. Sera from healthy persons did not contain a detectable level of sFasL, whereas those from patients with large granular lymphocytic (LGL) leukemia and natural killer (NK) cell lymphoma did. These malignant cells constitutively expressed FasL, whereas peripheral NK cells from healthy persons expressed FasL only on activation. These results suggested that the systemic tissue damage seen in most patients with LGL leukemia and NK-type lymphoma is due to sFasL produced by these malignant cells. Neutralizing anti-FasL antibodies or matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors may be of use in modulating such tissue damage.

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          Lymphoproliferation disorder in mice explained by defects in Fas antigen that mediates apoptosis.

          Fas antigen is a cell-surface protein that mediates apoptosis. It is expressed in various tissues including the thymus and has structural homology with a number of cell-surface receptors, including tumour necrosis factor receptor and nerve growth factor receptor. Mice carrying the lymphoproliferation (lpr) mutation have defects in the Fas antigen gene. The lpr mice develop lymphadenopathy and suffer from a systemic lupus erythematosus-like autoimmune disease, indicating an important role for Fas antigen in the negative selection of autoreactive T cells in the thymus.
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            Molecular cloning and expression of the Fas ligand, a novel member of the tumor necrosis factor family.

            The Fas antigen (Fas) belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/nerve growth factor receptor family, and it mediates apoptosis. Using a soluble form of mouse Fas, prepared by fusion with human immunoglobulin Fc, Fas ligand was detected on the cell surface of a cytotoxic T cell hybridoma, PC60-d10S. A cell population that highly expresses Fas ligand was sorted using a fluorescence-activated cell sorter, and its cDNA was isolated from the sorted cells by expression cloning. The amino acid sequence indicated that Fas ligand is a type II transmembrane protein that belongs to the TNF family. The recombinant Fas ligand expressed in COS cells induced apoptosis in Fas-expressing target cells. Northern hybridization revealed that Fas ligand is expressed in activated splenocytes and thymocytes, consistent with its involvement in T cell-mediated cytotoxicity and in several nonlymphoid tissues, such as testis.
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              • Record: found
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              The TNF receptor superfamily of cellular and viral proteins: activation, costimulation, and death.

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