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      Evaluación postural y factores asociados a alteraciones de la columna vertebral en escolares con uso diario de mochila: un estudio transversal Translated title: Postural Evaluation and Factors Associated with Spinal Alterations in Schoolchildren with Daily Backpack Use: A Cross-Sectional Study

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción: Las alteraciones posturales en las escuelas constituyen un problema de salud pública emergente, asociado al uso inadecuado de mochilas. Estas disfunciones predisponen a trastornos musculo esqueléticos, y afecta la salud física y el rendimiento académico. Objetivo: Evaluar la postura y determinar los factores asociados a alteraciones de la columna vertebral en escolares que utilizan mochila diariamente. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio observacional analítico transversal en 192 escolares de 6-14 años de una institución educativa privada de San Lorenzo, Paraguay. Se realizó evaluación postural mediante método Kendall estandarizado. Se identificaron escolares con alteraciones posturales y sin ellas para analizar factores asociados. Se recolectaron datos sociodemográficos, antropométricos y sobre uso de mochilas mediante cuestionario validado. Se realizó análisis bivariado y regresión logística multivariada Resultados: La prevalencia de alteraciones posturales fue del 25% (n=48). Se identifica: escoliosis-cifosis combinada (12,5%), escoliosis aislada (8,3%) y cifosis (4,2%). El sexo masculino mostró mayor prevalencia (OR=4.8; IC95%:2.3-9.9; p<0.001). El 65% transportaba peso superior al 10% corporal. El uso incorrecto de mochila se afecta significativamente con alteraciones posturales (OR=2.3; IC95%:1.5-3.5; p<0.001). Las principales repercusiones fueron: necesidad de medicación (OR=13.0; IC95%:5.3-32.0), consulta médica (OR=11.0; IC95%:6.3-26.4) y ausentismo escolar (OR=5.3; IC95%:3.9-9.0). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de alteraciones posturales fue significativa, predominando en varones. El uso inadecuado de mochila y lesiones previas constituyen factores de riesgo importantes. Se requiere de programas preventivos enfocados en educación postural y uso correcto de mochilas escolares.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction: Postural alterations in schoolchildren constitute an emerging public health problem associated with improper backpack use. These dysfunctions predispose to musculoskeletal disorders, affecting children's physical health and academic performance. Objective: To evaluate posture and determine factors associated with spinal alterations in schoolchildren who use backpacks daily. Materials and Methods: Observational analytical cross-sectional study in 192 schoolchildren aged 6-14 years from a private educational institution in San Lorenzo, Paraguay. Postural evaluation was performed using standardized Kendall method. Students with and without postural alterations were identified to analyze associated factors. Sociodemographic, anthropometric, and backpack use data were collected through a validated questionnaire. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed. Results: The prevalence of postural alterations was 25% (n=48). Combined scoliosis-kyphosis (12.5%), isolated scoliosis (8.3%), and kyphosis (4.2%) were identified. Male sex showed higher prevalence (OR=4.8; 95%CI:2.3-9.9; p<0.001). Sixty-five percent carried weight exceeding 10% of body weight. Incorrect backpack use was significantly associated with postural alterations (OR=2.3; 95%CI:1.5-3.5; p<0.001). Main repercussions were: need for medication (OR=13.0; 95%CI:5.3-32.0), medical consultation (OR=11.0; 95%CI:6.3-26.4), and school absenteeism (OR=5.3; 95%CI:3.9-9.0). Conclusions: The prevalence of postural alterations was significant, predominantly in males. Improper backpack use and previous injuries constituted important risk factors. Preventive programs focused on postural education and proper backpack use are required.

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          Most cited references24

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          The associations between adolescent head-on-neck posture, backpack weight, and anthropometric features.

          A Cross-sectional, observational study, examining the effects of backpack weight on adolescent posture. To investigate the response of the craniovertebral angle to backpack load. There is a widely held belief that repeated carrying of heavy loads, such as school backpacks, places additional stress on rapidly growing adolescent spinal structures, making them prone to postural change. Ten volunteer state high schools in metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia, provided 985 students, aged 12 to 18 years and from five different high school years, for this study. Students' posture was measured with and without their school backpack. All data analyses were undertaken per school year level to account for specific load-carrying requirements and spinal development associated with the age group. A significant change in craniovertebral angle was found at every year level, when comparing standing posture with no backpack with posture when carrying a backpack. The change was greatest for the youngest students. Incremental change in craniovertebral angle was not strongly associated with backpack loads. The association became stronger for the oldest girls when controlled for body mass index and for weight. The results support a differential postural response per gender and per level of spinal development but also suggest that the craniovertebral angle may not be the most sensitive measure of head-on-neck postural change for adolescents.
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            Effects of a postural education program on school backpack habits related to low back pain in children.

            Population based studies have demonstrated that children and adolescents often complain of low back pain. A group-randomized controlled trial was carried out to investigate the effects of a postural education program on school backpack habits related to low back pain in children aged 10-12 year.
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              La postura corporal y el dolor de espalda en alumnos de Educación Primaria. Una revisión bibliográfica

                Author and article information

                Journal
                anales
                Anales de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas (Asunción)
                An. Fac. Cienc. Méd. (Asunción)
                EFACIM. Editorial de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas - Universidad Nacional de Asunción (Asunción, Central, Paraguay )
                1816-8949
                December 2024
                : 57
                : 3
                : 28-34
                Affiliations
                [1] San Lorenzo Asunción orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Asunción orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias Médicas orgdiv2Hospital de Clínicas, Cátedra de Traumatología Paraguay
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2485-9227
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6448-0929
                Article
                S1816-89492024000300028 S1816-8949(24)05700300028
                10.18004/anales/2024.057.03.28
                c247fe88-45fb-47a8-8d83-5d34eeb1b8f1

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 September 2024
                : 11 November 2024
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Paraguay

                Categories
                Artículos Originales

                educación postural,Postural alterations,spine,scoliosis,kyphosis,musculoskeletal health,postural education,Alteraciones posturales,columna vertebral,escoliosis,cifosis,salud musculo esquelética

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