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      A tale of worldwide success: Behind the scenes of Carex (Cyperaceae) biogeography and diversification

      1 , 2 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 2 , 7 , 9 , 1 , 10 , 7 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 7 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 17 , 1 , 6 , 1 , 1 , 21 , 22 , 23 , the Global Carex Group
      Journal of Systematics and Evolution
      Wiley

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          Evolution of Asian monsoons and phased uplift of the Himalaya-Tibetan plateau since Late Miocene times.

          The climates of Asia are affected significantly by the extent and height of the Himalayan mountains and the Tibetan plateau. Uplift of this region began about 50 Myr ago, and further significant increases in altitude of the Tibetan plateau are thought to have occurred about 10-8 Myr ago, or more recently. However, the climatic consequences of this uplift remain unclear. Here we use records of aeolian sediments from China and marine sediments from the Indian and North Pacific oceans to identify three stages of evolution of Asian climates: first, enhanced aridity in the Asian interior and onset of the Indian and east Asian monsoons, about 9-8 Myr ago; next, continued intensification of the east Asian summer and winter monsoons, together with increased dust transport to the North Pacific Ocean, about 3.6-2.6 Myr ago; and last, increased variability and possible weakening of the Indian and east Asian summer monsoons and continued strengthening of the east Asian winter monsoon since about 2.6 Myr ago. The results of a numerical climate-model experiment, using idealized stepwise increases of mountain-plateau elevation, support the argument that the stages in evolution of Asian monsoons are linked to phases of Himalaya-Tibetan plateau uplift and to Northern Hemisphere glaciation.
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            Model selection in historical biogeography reveals that founder-event speciation is a crucial process in Island Clades.

            Founder-event speciation, where a rare jump dispersal event founds a new genetically isolated lineage, has long been considered crucial by many historical biogeographers, but its importance is disputed within the vicariance school. Probabilistic modeling of geographic range evolution creates the potential to test different biogeographical models against data using standard statistical model choice procedures, as long as multiple models are available. I re-implement the Dispersal-Extinction-Cladogenesis (DEC) model of LAGRANGE in the R package BioGeoBEARS, and modify it to create a new model, DEC + J, which adds founder-event speciation, the importance of which is governed by a new free parameter, [Formula: see text]. The identifiability of DEC and DEC + J is tested on data sets simulated under a wide range of macroevolutionary models where geography evolves jointly with lineage birth/death events. The results confirm that DEC and DEC + J are identifiable even though these models ignore the fact that molecular phylogenies are missing many cladogenesis and extinction events. The simulations also indicate that DEC will have substantially increased errors in ancestral range estimation and parameter inference when the true model includes + J. DEC and DEC + J are compared on 13 empirical data sets drawn from studies of island clades. Likelihood-ratio tests indicate that all clades reject DEC, and AICc model weights show large to overwhelming support for DEC + J, for the first time verifying the importance of founder-event speciation in island clades via statistical model choice. Under DEC + J, ancestral nodes are usually estimated to have ranges occupying only one island, rather than the widespread ancestors often favored by DEC. These results indicate that the assumptions of historical biogeography models can have large impacts on inference and require testing and comparison with statistical methods. © The Author(s) 2014. Published by Oxford University Press, on behalf of the Society of Systematic Biologists. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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              Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis: A New Approach to the Quantification of Historical Biogeography

              F Ronquist (1997)
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Systematics and Evolution
                Jnl of Sytematics Evolution
                Wiley
                1674-4918
                1759-6831
                December 04 2019
                November 2019
                December 04 2019
                November 2019
                : 57
                : 6
                : 695-718
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Área de Botánica, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical EngineeringUniversidad Pablo de OlavideCtra de Utrera km 1 sn Seville 41013 Spain
                [2 ]School of Biological SciencesWashington State UniversityPullman WA 99164 USA
                [3 ]Department of Biology (Botany)Universidad Autónoma de MadridCampus Cantoblanco Madrid 28049 Spain
                [4 ]Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC‐UAM)Universidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid 28049 Spain
                [5 ]Real Jardín Botánico, CSICPlaza de Murillo 2 Madrid 28014 Spain
                [6 ]Department of Plant Biology and EcologyUniversity of SevilleReina Mercedes sn Seville ES-41012 Spain
                [7 ]The Morton Arboretum4100 Illinois Route 53 Lisle IL 60532 USA
                [8 ]Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementTexas A&M University495 Horticulture Rd Suite 305 College Station TX 77843 USA
                [9 ]The Field Museum1400 S Lake Shore Dr Chicago IL 60605 USA
                [10 ]Department of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Colorado DenverDenver CO 80217‐3364 USA
                [11 ]Universität Bielefeld, Department of Computational Biology & Center for Biotechnology ‐ CeBiTec Universitaetsstrasse 27 Bielefeld 33615 Germany
                [12 ]Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba R3T 2N2 Canada
                [13 ]Allan HerbariumManaaki‐Whenua Landcare Research PO Box 69040, Lincoln 7640 Canterbury New Zealand
                [14 ]Current address: The University of British ColumbiaForest Sciences Centre 2424 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
                [15 ]Department of Systematic Botany, Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergGeobotany and Botanical Garden Neuwerk 21, Halle 06108 (Saale) Germany
                [16 ]Martin Luther University Halle‐Wittenbergm, Geobotany and Botanical GardenBotanical Garden Am Kirchtor 3, Halle 06108 (Saale) Germany
                [17 ]College of Life and Environment SciencesHangzhou Normal University Hangzhou 311121 Zhejiang China
                [18 ]Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Richmond Surrey TW9 3AE United Kingdom
                [19 ]Department of BiologyGhent University Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Lab, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35 Gent 9000 Belgium
                [20 ]Institute of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyUniversity of Zürich Zollikerstrasse 117 Zürich 8008 Switzerland
                [21 ]New York Botanical Garden 2900 Southern Blvd. Bronx NY 10458 USA
                [22 ]University of Michigan Herbarium 3600 Varsity Drive Ann Arbor MI 48108‐2228 USA
                [23 ]Department of BiologyUniversity of Ottawa Gendron Hall, Room 160, 30 Marie Curie Ottawa Ontario K1N 6N5 Canada
                Article
                10.1111/jse.12549
                c25ce5cc-a9fd-4d91-a17e-70934e529d7c
                © 2019

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#am

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

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