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      Facility-based maternal death reviews: effects on maternal mortality in a district hospital in Senegal Translated title: Analyse des décès maternels dans les établissements de soins: effets sur la mortalité maternelle dans un hôpital de district au Sénégal Translated title: Análisis de las defunciones maternas basados en centros de salud: efectos en la mortalidad materna en un hospital de distrito del Senegal

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          Abstract

          OBJECTIVE: The improvement of obstetric services is one of the key components of the Safe Motherhood Programme. Reviewing maternal deaths and complications is one method that may make pregnancy safer, but there is no evidence about the effectiveness of this strategy. The objective of our before and after study is to assess the effect of facility-based maternal deaths reviews (MDR) on maternal mortality rates in a district hospital in Senegal that provides primary and referral maternity services. METHODS: We included all women who were admitted to the maternity unit for childbirth, or within 24 hours of delivery. We recorded maternal mortality during a 1-year baseline period from January to December 1997, and during a 3-year period from January 1998 to December 2000 after MDR had been implemented. Effects of MDR on organization of care were qualitatively evaluated. FINDINGS: The MDR strategy led to changes in organizational structure that improved life-saving interventions with a relatively large financial contribution from the community. Overall mortality significantly decreased from 0.83 (95% CI (confidence interval) = 0.60 -1.06) in baseline period to 0.41 (95% CI = 0.25 -0.56) per 100 women 3 years later. CONCLUSION: MDR had a marked effect on resources, management and maternal outcomes in this facility. However, given the design of our study and the local specific context, further research is needed to confirm the feasibility of MDR in other settings and to confirm the benefits of this approach for maternal health in developing countries.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIF: L'amélioration des services obstétricaux est un aspect fondamental du programme pour une maternité sans risque. L'analyse des décès maternels et des complications offre un moyen de réduire les risques liés à la grossesse, mais on ne dispose d'aucunes données sur l'efficacité de cette stratégie. L'objectif de cette étude examinant la situation avant et après l'introduction des analyses des décès maternels est d'évaluer l'effet des analyses sur les taux de mortalité maternelle dans un hôpital de district au Sénégal offrant des services obstétricaux primaires et un dispositif d'orientation-recours. MÉTHODES: On a pris en considération toutes les femmes admises au service de maternité pour un accouchement ou dans les 24 heures suivant l'accouchement. La mortalité maternelle a été enregistrée sur une période de référence d'une année, de janvier à décembre 1997, et sur une période de trois ans, de janvier 1998 à décembre 2000, après la mise en place des analyses des décès maternels en établissement. Les effets de ces analyses sur l'organisation des soins ont fait l'objet d'une évaluation qualitative. RÉSULTATS: L'introduction des analyses a entraîné des modifications de nature organisationnelle qui ont amélioré les interventions permettant de sauver des vies, grâce à une contribution financière relativement importante de la communauté. Le taux de mortalité global a baissé sensiblement de 0,83 (IC (intervalle de confiance) 95 % = 0,60-1,06) au cours de la période de référence à 0,41 (IC 95 % = 0,25-0,56) pour 100 femmes trois ans plus tard. CONCLUSION: L'analyse des décès maternels en établissement a eu un effet marqué sur les ressources, la prise en charge et l'issue des grossesses dans l'hôpital considéré. Toutefois, vu la conception de l'étude et le contexte local spécifique, des recherches plus approfondies sont nécessaires pour confirmer la faisabilité des analyses dans d'autres cadres et les avantages de cette approche pour la santé maternelle dans les pays en développement.

          Translated abstract

          OBJETIVO: La mejora de los servicios obstétricos es un componente clave del Programa Maternidad sin Riesgo. El análisis de las defunciones maternas y de las complicaciones asociadas es un método para reducir los riesgos del embarazo, pero no hay indicios sobre la eficacia de esa estrategia. El objetivo de nuestro estudio comparativo antes-después consistió en evaluar el efecto de los análisis de las defunciones maternas (ADM) en centros de salud sobre las tasas de mortalidad materna en un hospital de distrito del Senegal que ofrece servicios de maternidad primarios y de derivación. MÉTODOS: Incluimos a todas las mujeres ingresadas en el servicio de maternidad para dar a luz o en las primeras 24 horas tras el parto. Registramos la mortalidad materna durante un periodo basal de un año, de enero a diciembre de 1997, y luego durante tres años, de enero de 1998 a diciembre de 2000, tras aplicar los ADM. Los efectos de estos análisis en la organización de la atención fueron evaluados cualitativamente. RESULTADOS: La estrategia basada en los ADM provocó en la estructura orgánica una serie de cambios que mejoraron diversas intervenciones salvavidas, con una contribución financiera relativamente importante de la comunidad. La mortalidad general disminuyó significativamente, de 0,83 (IC (intervalo de confianza) del 95% = 0,60-1,06) en el periodo basal a 0,41 (IC95% = 0,25-0,56) por 100 mujeres 3 años más tarde. CONCLUSIÓN: Los ADM tuvieron un efecto marcado en los recursos, la gestión y los resultados maternos en el centro estudiado. Sin embargo, dado el diseño de nuestro estudio y el contexto específico local, habrá que llevar a cabo nuevas investigaciones para confirmar la viabilidad de los ADM en otros entornos, así como las ventajas de este sistema para la salud materna en los países en desarrollo.

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          Beyond the numbers: reviewing maternal deaths and complications to make pregnancy safer.

          Avoiding maternal deaths is possible, even in resource-poor countries, but requires the right kind of information on which to base programmes. Knowing the level of maternal mortality is not enough; we need to understand the underlying factors that led to the deaths. Each maternal death or case of life-threatening complication has a story to tell and can provide indications on practical ways of addressing its causes and determinants. Maternal death or morbidity reviews provide evidence of where the main problems in overcoming maternal mortality and morbidity may lie, produce an analysis of what can be done in practical terms and highlight the key areas requiring recommendations for health sector and community action as well as guidelines for improving clinical outcomes. The information gained from such enquiries must be used as a prerequisite for action.
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            Maternal mortality--a neglected tragedy. Where is the M in MCH?

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              Can enquiries into severe acute maternal morbidity act as a surrogate for maternal death enquiries?

              To assess whether severe acute maternal morbidity (SAMM, 'near misses') can be used as a surrogate of an analysis of maternal deaths to describe the pattern of severe maternal disease and avoidable factors related to it. Prospective, descriptive study. A SAMM and maternal mortality audit was conducted in three clearly defined geographical areas, consisting of rural and urban settings in South Africa. Indigent black African pregnant women. Cases of SAMM and maternal deaths were collected in the areas and a comparison was made of the disease profiles and avoidable factors, missed opportunities and substandard care. The proportion of primary obstetric causes and avoidable factors in women with SAMM and maternal deaths, and the mortality indices of the primary obstetric causes of death and organ system dysfunction. A total of 423 women with SAMM and 128 maternal deaths were collected over two years. Demographic factors were similar between the groups except that significantly more maternal deaths had not attended any antenatal care. The primary obstetric causes of SAMM and maternal death did not correlate. The four most common causes of SAMM were complications of hypertension (27.2%), postpartum haemorrhage (18.0%), antepartum haemorrhage (12.8%) and abortion (11.3%), whereas the four most common causes of maternal death were non-pregnancy related sepsis (26.6%), complications of hypertension (23.4%), pre-existing medical disease (14.1%) and abortion (10.9%). The types of avoidable factors were similar between both groups although administrative factors occurred significantly more frequently in the maternal death group as did poor problem identification and monitoring. Review of SAMM gives a different disease pattern to that obtained from maternal death audits. However, in diagnosing inadequacies in the health system, similar information was obtained.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                bwho
                Bulletin of the World Health Organization
                Bull World Health Organ
                World Health Organization (Genebra, Genebra, Switzerland )
                0042-9686
                March 2006
                : 84
                : 3
                : 218-224
                Affiliations
                [05] Paris orgnameNational Institute of Health and Medical Research orgdiv1Epidemiological Research Unit on Women and Children's Health France
                [04] Quebec orgnameUniversity of Montreal orgdiv1Research Center orgdiv2Sainte-Justine Hospital Canada
                [01] Montreal Quebec orgnameUniversité de Montréal orgdiv1Département Obstétrique et Gynécologie orgdiv2Hôpital Sainte-Justine Canada
                [02] Dakar orgnameCentre de Santé Roi Baudouin orgdiv1Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique Sénégal
                [03] Geneva orgnameWorld Health Organization orgdiv1Department of Making Pregnancy Safer Switzerland
                Article
                S0042-96862006000300017 S0042-9686(06)08400317
                c27b2d69-2abd-4c73-992a-9740018611f8

                History
                : 11 October 2005
                : 17 October 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 26, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Public Health

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)
                Categories
                Lessons from the Field

                Senegal,Estudios de evaluación,Servicios de salud materna,Mortalité maternelle,Sénégal,Maternal mortality,Mortalidad materna,Evaluation studies,Maternal health services,Etude évaluation,Service santé maternelle

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