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      Avatar characteristics induce users’ behavioral conformity with small-to-medium effect sizes: a meta-analysis of the proteus effect

      1 , 2 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 2 , 1 , 2
      Media Psychology
      Informa UK Limited

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          Meta-analysis: recent developments in quantitative methods for literature reviews.

          We describe the history and current status of the meta-analytic enterprise. The advantages and historical criticisms of meta-analysis are described, as are the basic steps in a meta-analysis and the role of effect sizes as chief coins of the meta-analytic realm. Advantages of the meta-analytic procedures include seeing the "landscape" of a research domain, keeping statistical significance in perspective, minimizing wasted data, becoming intimate with the data summarized, asking focused research questions, and finding moderator variables. Much of the criticism of meta-analysis has been based on simple misunderstanding of how meta-analyses are actually carried out. Criticisms of meta-analysis that are applicable are equally applicable to traditional, nonquantitative, narrative reviews of the literature. Much of the remainder of the chapter deals with the processes of effect size estimation, the understanding of the heterogeneity of the obtained effect sizes, and the practical and scientific importance of the effect sizes obtained.
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            Identifying influential and susceptible members of social networks.

            Identifying social influence in networks is critical to understanding how behaviors spread. We present a method that uses in vivo randomized experimentation to identify influence and susceptibility in networks while avoiding the biases inherent in traditional estimates of social contagion. Estimation in a representative sample of 1.3 million Facebook users showed that younger users are more susceptible to influence than older users, men are more influential than women, women influence men more than they influence other women, and married individuals are the least susceptible to influence in the decision to adopt the product offered. Analysis of influence and susceptibility together with network structure revealed that influential individuals are less susceptible to influence than noninfluential individuals and that they cluster in the network while susceptible individuals do not, which suggests that influential people with influential friends may be instrumental in the spread of this product in the network.
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              Experimental methods: Between-subject and within-subject design

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                (View ORCID Profile)
                Journal
                Media Psychology
                Media Psychology
                Informa UK Limited
                1521-3269
                1532-785X
                June 20 2019
                June 20 2019
                : 1-25
                Affiliations
                [1 ] College of Communication Arts and Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
                [2 ] WKW School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
                Article
                10.1080/15213269.2019.1623698
                c2892583-474e-49b3-8897-bd5b88343099
                © 2019

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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