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      Observation of thermal Hawking radiation and its entanglement in an analogue black hole

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          Abstract

          We observe a thermal distribution of Hawking radiation, stimulated by quantum vacuum fluctuations, emanating from an analogue black hole. This confirms Hawking's prediction regarding black hole thermodynamics. The thermal distribution is accompanied by correlations between the Hawking particles outside the black hole and the partner particles inside. We find that the high energy pairs of Hawking and partner particles are entangled, while the low energy pairs are not. This has implications for the problem of information loss in a black hole. The observation of Hawking radiation reported here verifies Hawking's semiclassical calculation, which is viewed as a milestone in the quest for quantum gravity.

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          Experimental Black-Hole Evaporation?

          W. Unruh (1981)
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            Black Holes: Complementarity or Firewalls?

            We argue that the following three statements cannot all be true: (i) Hawking radiation is in a pure state, (ii) the information carried by the radiation is emitted from the region near the horizon, with low energy effective field theory valid beyond some microscopic distance from the horizon, and (iii) the infalling observer encounters nothing unusual at the horizon. Perhaps the most conservative resolution is that the infalling observer burns up at the horizon. Alternatives would seem to require novel dynamics that nevertheless cause notable violations of semiclassical physics at macroscopic distances from the horizon.
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              Sonic analog of gravitational black holes in Bose-Einstein condensates

              It is shown that, in dilute-gas Bose-Einstein condensates, there exist both dynamically stable and unstable configurations which, in the hydrodynamic limit, exhibit a behavior resembling that of gravitational black holes. The dynamical instabilities involve creation of quasiparticle pairs in positive and negative energy states, as in the well-known suggested mechanism for black hole evaporation. We propose a scheme to generate a stable sonic black hole in a ring trap.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                2015-10-02
                2015-10-22
                Article
                1510.00621
                8b9d511a-cc73-406a-ab18-6c62306bb2d5

                http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/

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                The second version has additional data and explanations
                gr-qc

                General relativity & Quantum cosmology
                General relativity & Quantum cosmology

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