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      Modelo de envejecimiento activo: causas, indicadores y predictores en adultos mayores en Chile Translated title: Active aging model: causes, indicators, and predictors in Chilean elderly people

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          Abstract

          Resumen Con el aumento de la población adulta mayor a nivel mundial, existe un creciente interés por comprender los factores implicados en el envejecimiento activo. No obstante, lo extendido del uso del constructo y de investigaciones en la materia, aún persisten complejidades en su operacionalización y factores predictores. En el presente estudio se diseñó un modelo de envejecimiento activo utilizando un modelo MIMIC (Múltiple Causas y Múltiples Indicadores), una variante de ecuaciones estructurales, en una muestra de 204 adultos mayores chilenos. La funcionalidad física y cognitiva, junto a variables asociadas a la tonalidad afectiva, aparecen como causas, mientras que la ausencia de sintomatología depresiva y la condición de activo en el mercado laboral, aparecen como indicadores de envejecimiento activo. El modelo mostró un ajuste satisfactorio, χ2 (80) = 107.8, p = .34, CFI = .942, TLI = .942 y RMSEA = .0416, p = .74, y permitió generar un indicador de envejecimiento activo, a partir del cual se identificaron sus predictores. Las variables sociales mostraron una alta capacidad predictiva (R2 = .214), seguidas por las variables de estilo de vida (R2 = .154) y características individuales (R2 = .137). El modelo propuesto se considera un aporte relevante en la operacionalización de envejecimiento activo.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract With the increase in the elderly population worldwide there is an increasing interest for understanding the factors involved in the successful or active aging. However, despite the use of the construct and studies on the issue, complexities persist in its operationalization and its predicting factors. In the present study, a model of active aging using a MIMIC model (Multiple Causes and Multiple Indicators) a variant of structural equations was used, in a sample of 204 Chilean elderly. Both physical and cognitive functionality, together with variables associated to affective tone appear as causes, whereas the absence of depressive symptoms and the active role in the labor market appear as indicators of active aging. The model showed a good fit, χ2(80) = 107.8, p = .34, CFI = .942, TLI = .942 y RMSEA = .0416, p = .74 and allowed generating an indicator of active aging, from which its predictors were identified. Social variables showed high predictive capacity (R2 = .214), followed by variables related to lifestyle (R2 = .154) and individual variables (R2 = .137). The proposed model is considered as a significant contribution in the operationalization of the active aging.

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          Most cited references49

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          The MOS social support survey

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            Successful Aging

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              On the incomplete architecture of human ontogeny. Selection, optimization, and compensation as foundation of developmental theory.

              P B Baltes (1997)
              Drawing on both evolutionary and ontogenetic perspectives, the basic biological-genetic and social-cultural architecture of human development is outlined. Three principles are involved. First, evolutionary selection pressure predicts a negative age correlation, and therefore, genome-based plasticity and biological potential decrease with age. Second, for growth aspects of human development to extend further into the life span, culture-based resources are required at ever-increasing levels. Third, because of age-related losses in biological plasticity, the efficiency of culture is reduced as life span development unfolds. Joint application of these principles suggests that the life span architecture becomes more and more incomplete with age. Degree of completeness can be defined as the ratio between gains and losses in functioning. Two examples illustrate the implications of the life span architecture proposed. The first is a general theory of development involving the orchestration of 3 component processes: selection, optimization, and compensation. The second considers the task of completing the life course in the sense of achieving a positive balance between gains and losses for all age levels. This goal is increasingly more difficult to attain as human development is extended into advanced old age.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                acp
                Acción Psicológica
                Acción psicol.
                Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1578-908X
                2255-1271
                December 2018
                : 15
                : 2
                : 109-128
                Affiliations
                [2] Madrid orgnameUniversidad Rey Juan Carlos orgdiv1Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía, Psicología, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Inumunología y Microbioogía Médica, Estomatología y Enfermería Spain
                [1] Bío-Bío orgnameUniversidad de Concepción orgdiv1Departamento de Psicología Chile
                Article
                S1578-908X2018000200010 S1578-908X(18)01500200010
                10.5944/ap.15.2.22903
                c2afb220-c7c1-4eac-acc3-d8cfdb50068e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 November 2018
                : 18 October 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 50, Pages: 20
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Artículos de temática libre

                Active aging,Aging model,Elderly,Health promotion,Envejecimiento activo,Modelo de envejecimiento,Adulto mayor,Promoción de salud

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