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      Hydrodynamics, spin currents and torsion

      Author(s): , ,
      Publication date Created:
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      Journal: Journal of High Energy Physics
      Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC

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          A bstract

          We construct the canonical constitutive relations for a fluid description of a system with a spin current, valid in an arbitrary number of dimensions in the absence of parity breaking or time reversal breaking terms. Our study encompasses the hydrostatic partition function, the entropy current, Kubo formula, conformal invariance, and the effect of charge. At some stages of the computation we turn on a background torsion tensor which naturally couples to the spin current.

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          On the current and the density of the electric charge, the energy, the linear momentum and the angular momentum of arbitrary fields

          F.J. Belinfante (1940)
          Article 0 comments Cited 95 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Physical aspects of the space–time torsion

            I.L. Shapiro (2002)
            Article 0 comments Cited 84 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              Global Λ hyperon polarization in nuclear collisions

              J. Bielčíková, L. C. Bland, I. G. Bordyuzhin … (2017)
              The extreme energy densities generated by ultra-relativistic collisions between heavy atomic nuclei produce a state of matter that behaves surprisingly like a fluid, with exceptionally high temperature and low viscosity. Non-central collisions have angular momenta of the order of 1,000ћ, and the resulting fluid may have a strong vortical structure that must be understood to describe the fluid properly. The vortical structure is also of particular interest because the restoration of fundamental symmetries of quantum chromodynamics is expected to produce novel physical effects in the presence of strong vorticity. However, no experimental indications of fluid vorticity in heavy ion collisions have yet been found. Since vorticity represents a local rotational structure of the fluid, spin–orbit coupling can lead to preferential orientation of particle spins along the direction of rotation. Here we present measurements of an alignment between the global angular momentum of a non-central collision and the spin of emitted particles (in this case the collision occurs between gold nuclei and produces Λ baryons), revealing that the fluid produced in heavy ion collisions is the most vortical system so far observed. (At high energies, this fluid is a quark–gluon plasma.) We find that Λ and hyperons show a positive polarization of the order of a few per cent, consistent with some hydrodynamic predictions. (A hyperon is a particle composed of three quarks, at least one of which is a strange quark; the remainder are up and down quarks, found in protons and neutrons.) A previous measurement that reported a null result, that is, zero polarization, at higher collision energies is seen to be consistent with the trend of our observations, though with larger statistical uncertainties. These data provide experimental access to the vortical structure of the nearly ideal liquid created in a heavy ion collision and should prove valuable in the development of hydrodynamic models that quantitatively connect observations to the theory of the strong force.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Journal of High Energy Physics
                Abbreviated Title: J. High Energ. Phys.
                Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
                ISSN (Electronic): 1029-8479
                Publication date Created: May 2023
                Publication date (Electronic): May 17 2023
                Volume: 2023
                Issue: 5
                Article
                DOI: 10.1007/JHEP05(2023)139
                SO-VID: c2c2b2be-e910-4bb5-a43a-345d59130434
                Copyright © © 2023
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                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

                https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0

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