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      Validation of the morale questionnaire for military operational theaters Translated title: Validación del cuestionario de moral para zonas de operaciones militares

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          Abstract

          Abstract To assess the morale of the troops has been a concern of military leaders throughout history, mainly because of the level of involvement that this factor could have in the resolution of conflicts on the battlefield. The purpose of this research was to obtain evidence of the validity of the internal structure of the Morale Questionnaire used by the Spanish Armed Forces in military operations overseas. Two subsamples of 250 Spanish soldiers deployed on an international mission in Lebanon participated in the study. The questionnaire was applied at the beginning and at the end of the mission, respectly. The results obtained through Exploratory and Confirmatory Factorial Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling, allowed to assess the questionnaire statistically obtaining a tool that consists of 26 items, agglutinated in six factors. The theoretical dimensions of the original tool were mostly maintained. This will permit Spanish Armed Forces to have a reliable measuring instrument that will facilitate specific predictions about morale and its consecuences on the battlefield

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Evaluar la moral de las tropas ha sido una preocupación de los líderes militares a lo largo de la historia, principalmente por el nivel de participación que este factor podría tener en la resolución de conflictos en el campo de batalla. El objetivo de esta investigación fue obtener evidencias sobre la validez de la estructura interna del cuestionario de moral utilizado por las Fuerzas Armadas Españolas en operaciones militares en el exterior. Dos submuestras de 250 soldados españoles desplegados en una misión internacional en Líbano participaron en el estudio. El cuestionario se aplicó al principio y al final de la misión. Los resultados obtenidos a través del Análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio, así como el Modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, permitieron validar el cuestionario obteniendo estadísticamente una herramienta que consta de 26 ítems, aglutinados en seis factores. Las dimensiones teóricas de la herramienta original se mantuvieron en su mayoría. Esto permitirá a las Fuerzas Armadas españolas tener un instrumento de medición confiable que facilitará predicciones específicas sobre la moral y sus consecuencias en el campo de batalla.

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          Most cited references33

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          FACTOR: a computer program to fit the exploratory factor analysis model.

          Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is one of the most widely used statistical procedures in psychological research. It is a classic technique, but statistical research into EFA is still quite active, and various new developments and methods have been presented in recent years. The authors of the most popular statistical packages, however, do not seem very interested in incorporating these new advances. We present the program FACTOR, which was designed as a general, user-friendly program for computing EFA. It implements traditional procedures and indices and incorporates the benefits of some more recent developments. Two of the traditional procedures implemented are polychoric correlations and parallel analysis, the latter of which is considered to be one of the best methods for determining the number of factors or components to be retained. Good examples of the most recent developments implemented in our program are (1) minimum rank factor analysis, which is the only factor method that allows one to compute the proportion of variance explained by each factor, and (2) the simplimax rotation method, which has proved to be the most powerful rotation method available. Of these methods, only polychoric correlations are available in some commercial programs. A copy of the software, a demo, and a short manual can be obtained free of charge from the first author.
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            Relationships between military morale, motivation, satisfaction, and unit effectiveness.

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              Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                acp
                Acción Psicológica
                Acción psicol.
                Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED) (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1578-908X
                2255-1271
                December 2019
                : 16
                : 2
                : 31-42
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameMinisterio de Defensa España
                [2] orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Educación de Distancia España
                Article
                S1578-908X2019000200003 S1578-908X(19)01600200003
                10.5944/ap.16.2.24265
                c2f5cfe6-4274-4b60-8e2f-c39429276fb3

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 13 October 2019
                : 09 June 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 12
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Selection of articles

                Estrés de combate,Espíritu de unidad,Motivación,Cohesión,Moral,Combat exhaustion,Espirit de corps,Motivation,Cohesion,Morale

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