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      Evaluation of digestion procedures in Kjeldahl method to quantify total nitrogen in analyses applied to animal nutrition Translated title: Avaliação da etapa de digestão do método de Kjeldahl para quantificação do nitrogênio total em análises voltadas à nutrição animal

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT. The effects of the salt-to-metal catalyst ratio and amount of digestion mixture on total nitrogen content in different materials using the Kjeldahl method were evaluated. Four samples with low nitrogen contents and four samples with high nitrogen contents were analyzed. The study evaluated two ratios of salt (sodium sulfate) to metal catalyst (copper sulfate) in the digestion mixture (10:1 and 20:1) and three amounts of digestion mixture per sample (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 g 200 mg-1). There was an interaction between low-nitrogen material and amount of digestion mixture on nitrogen contents. Samples of cattle feces and corn presented higher nitrogen content when 1.5 and 2.0 g of digestion mixture were used. The high-nitrogen materials presented higher nitrogen contents when 2.0 g of the digestion mixture was used. However, there was an interaction between high-nitrogen material and the ratio of the digestion mixture components. The cattle carcass sample showed higher nitrogen content when the 20:1 ratio was used. The digestion mixture amount in the Kjeldahl method must be 2.0 g with a salt-to-metal catalyst ratio of 20:1 when samples of approximately 200 mg are analyzed.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO. Avaliaram-se os efeitos da quantidade de mistura digestora e da razão dos componentes da mistura digestora utilizada no método de Kjeldahl para quantificação do nitrogênio total em diferentes materiais. Foram utilizadas quatro amostras com baixo teor de nitrogênio e quatro amostras com alto teor de nitrogênio. Avaliou-se a comninação de duas razões entre sal (sulfato de sódio) e catalisador metálico (sulfato de cobre) na mistura digestora (10:1 e 20:1) e três quantidades de mistura digestora por amostra (1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 g 200 mg-1). Para os materiais de baixo nitrogênio houve interação entre o material analisado e a quantidade de mistura digestora. Amostras de fezes bovinas e milho apresentaram maiores teores de nitrogênio com o uso de 1,5 e 2,0 g de mistura digestora. Para os materiais de alto nitrogênio verificou-se maior teor de nitrogênio com o uso de 2,0 g de mistura digestora. No entanto, houve interação entre material avaliado e razão na mistura digestora para amostras de alto nitrogênio. Amostra de carcaça bovina apresentou maior teor de nitrogênio utilizando-se a razão 20:1. A quantidade de mistura digestora para o método de Kjeldahl deve ser de 2,0 g com razão entre sal e catalisador metálico de 20:1 para amostras de aproximadamente 200 mg.

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          Generalized Approach for Incorporating Normalization Conditions in Design Sensitivity Analysis of Eigenvectors

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            A structural model for maize zein proteins.

            With the knowledge of the amino acid sequences of two maize zein proteins (apparent molecular weights of 19,000 and 22,000), a structural model is proposed for their molecular conformation. The circular dichroic spectrum taken in the 190-240 nm range for a zein protein mixture in methanol solution showed the zein secondary structure to be largely helical. The polar, hydrophobic, and turn characteristics of the zein residues, as well as the homologous repeat units in their primary sequences, suggested a structure with nine adjacent, topologically antiparallel helices clustered within a distorted cylinder. Polar residues distributed along the helical surfaces allowed intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonding such that the zein molecules could be arranged in planes. The proposed glutamine-rich turns located between the helices and at the cylindrical caps would favor side chain interactions resulting in stacking of the molecular planes. Physical properties observed for the zein proteins are explained by the model.
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              Chemistry, formation and occurrence of genotoxic heterocyclic amines identified in model systems and cooked foods

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                asas
                Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences
                Acta Sci., Anim. Sci.
                Editora da Universidade Estadual de Maringá - EDUEM (Maringá )
                1807-8672
                March 2016
                : 38
                : 1
                : 45-51
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal de Viçosa Brazil
                Article
                S1807-86722016000100045
                10.4025/actascianimsci.v38i1.29171
                c2f717f3-8d0f-4c8e-b52c-4f20e87a9c6b

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1807-8672&lng=en
                Categories
                VETERINARY SCIENCES

                General veterinary medicine
                crude protein,digestion mixture,feed analysis,proteína bruta,mistura digestora,análise de alimentos

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