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      Proximal location of mouse prostate epithelial stem cells : a model of prostatic homeostasis

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          Abstract

          Stem cells are believed to regulate normal prostatic homeostasis and to play a role in the etiology of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. We show here that the proximal region of mouse prostatic ducts is enriched in a subpopulation of epithelial cells that exhibit three important attributes of epithelial stem cells: they are slow cycling, possess a high in vitro proliferative potential, and can reconstitute highly branched glandular ductal structures in collagen gels. We propose a model of prostatic homeostasis in which mouse prostatic epithelial stem cells are concentrated in the proximal region of prostatic ducts while the transit-amplifying cells occupy the distal region of the ducts. This model can account for many biological differences between cells of the proximal and distal regions, and has implications for prostatic disease formation.

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          RADIOAUTOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF CHOLINE INCORPORATION INTO PERIPHERAL NERVE MYELIN

          Walter J. Hendelman, Richard Bunge (1969)
          This radioautographic study was designed to localize the cytological sites involved in the incorporation of a lipid precursor into the myelin and the myelin-related cell of the peripheral nervous system. Both myelinating and fully myelinated cultures of rat dorsal root ganglia were exposed to a 30-min pulse of tritiated choline and either fixed immediately or allowed 6 or 48 hr of chase incubation before fixation. After Epon embedding, light and electron microscopic radioautograms were prepared with Ilford L-4 emulsion. Analysis of the pattern of choline incorporation into myelinating cultures indicated that radioactivity appeared all along the length of the internode, without there being a preferential site of initial incorporation. Light microscopic radioautograms of cultures at varying states of maturity were compared in order to determine the relative degree of myelin labeling. This analysis indicated that the myelin-Schwann cell unit in the fully myelinated cultures incorporated choline as actively as did this unit in the myelinating cultures. Because of technical difficulties, it was not possible to determine the precise localization of the incorporated radioactivity within the compact myelin. These data are related to recent biochemical studies indicating that the mature myelin of the central nervous system does incorporate a significant amount of lipid precursor under the appropriate experimental conditions. These observations support the concept that a significant amount of myelin-related metabolic activity occurs in mature tissue; this activity is considered part of an essential and continuous process of myelin maintenance and repair.
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            Label-retaining cells reside in the bulge area of pilosebaceous unit: implications for follicular stem cells, hair cycle, and skin carcinogenesis.

            George Cotsarelis, Tung-Tien Sun, Robert Lavker (1990)
            Inconsistent with the view that hair follicle stem cells reside in the matrix area of the hair bulb, we found that label-retaining cells exist exclusively in the bulge area of the mouse hair follicle. The bulge consists of a subpopulation of outer root sheath cells located in the midportion of the follicle at the arrector pili muscle attachment site. Keratinocytes in the bulge area are relatively undifferentiated ultrastructurally. They are normally slow cycling, but can be stimulated to proliferate transiently by TPA. Located in a well-protected and nourished environment, these cells mark the lower end of the "permanent" portion of the follicle. Our findings, plus a reevaluation of the literature, suggest that follicular stem cells reside in the bulge region, instead of the lower bulb. This new view provides insights into hair cycle control and the possible involvement of hair follicle stem cells in skin carcinogenesis.
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              Three clonal types of keratinocyte with different capacities for multiplication.

              Y Barrandon, H. Green (1987)
              Colony-forming human epidermal cells are heterogeneous in their capacity for sustained growth. Once a clone has been derived from a single cell, its growth potential can be estimated from the colony types resulting from a single plating, and the clone can be assigned to one of three classes. The holoclone has the greatest reproductive capacity: under standard conditions, fewer than 5% of the colonies formed by the cells of a holoclone abort and terminally differentiate. The paraclone contains exclusively cells with a short replicative lifespan (not more than 15 cell generations), after which they uniformly abort and terminally differentiate. The third type of clone, the meroclone, contains a mixture of cells of different growth potential and is a transitional stage between the holoclone and the paraclone. The incidence of the different clonal types is affected by aging, since cells originating from the epidermis of older donors give rise to a lower proportion of holoclones and a higher proportion of paraclones.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Cell Biol
                Title: The Journal of Cell Biology
                Publisher: The Rockefeller University Press
                ISSN (Print): 0021-9525
                ISSN (Electronic): 1540-8140
                Publication date (Print): 24 June 2002
                Volume: 157
                Issue: 7
                Pages: 1257-1265
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
                [2 ]Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
                [3 ]Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology and Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
                [4 ]Kaplan Cancer Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016
                [5 ]Department of Urology, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
                [6 ]Department of Urology, Fukuoka City Medical Center of Sick Children and Infectious Diseases, Fukuoka 810-0063, Japan
                Author notes

                Address correspondence to E. Lynette Wilson, Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Ave., New York, NY 10016. Tel.: (212) 263-7684. Fax: (212) 263-8139. E-mail: wilsoe01@ 123456endeavor.med.nyu.edu

                Article
                Publisher ID: 0202067
                DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200202067
                PMC ID: 2173539
                PubMed ID: 12082083
                SO-VID: c3058c16-7e4f-421f-8878-a70632472323
                Copyright © Copyright © 2002, The Rockefeller University Press
                History
                Date received : 15 February 2002
                Date revision received : 26 April 2002
                Date accepted : 7 May 2002
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cell biology
                Keywords: prostate; stem cells; slow-cycling cells; branching morphogenesis; prostate regeneration
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Cell biology
                Keywords: prostate; stem cells; slow-cycling cells; branching morphogenesis; prostate regeneration

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