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      Ecological momentary assessment in posttraumatic stress disorder and coping. An eHealth study protocol Translated title: Evaluacuacion ecologica del momento en el trastorno de estres postraumatico yel afrontamiento. Un protocolo de estudio de salud electronico. Translated title: Evaluacuacion ecologica del momento en el trastorno de estres postraumatico yel afrontamiento. Un protocolo de estudio de salud electronico.

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      a , b , a , b , a , b , a
      European Journal of Psychotraumatology
      Taylor & Francis
      Posttraumatic stress disorder, eHealth, ecological momentary assessment, mHealth, coping, hair cortisol, Trastorno de Estrés postraumático, Salud electrónica, Evaluación Ecológica del momento, Salud móvil, afrontamiento, Cortisol en cabello, 创伤后应激障碍, eHealth, 生态瞬时评估, 移动健康, 应对, 头发皮质醇, • Study Protocol presents a multimodal approach, combining traditional measures, those of Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) including CoachPTBS, and hair cortisol concentrations (HCC) as a biomarker of traumatic stress.• Effects on Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomology by participants’ differences in intra-individual coping strategies to be explored.• Effects of coping behaviour taught through mHealth tools, such as CoachPTBS, to be explored.• Contrasting retrospective recall and instant assessment through EMA in regarding PTSD symptoms and coping behaviour.

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          ABSTRACT

          Background: It is well known from cross-sectional studies that individual coping strategies significantly influence the pathogenesis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Equally, undisputed is the role of biological processes, e.g. of the so-called ‘stress hormone’ cortisol for the trajectory of PTSD. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA), the repeated collection of self-reported momentary states via smartphones, is ideal for shedding light upon symptom fluctuations and coping strategies. EMA may also constitute a promising approach to provide closer associations to biomarkers than retrospective self-report. The mobile application ‘CoachPTBS’, created to facilitate transition into health-care systems, bridges waiting periods for trauma-specific psychotherapy. CoachPTBS offers tools akin to EMA that could elucidate coping with stress symptoms. Moreover, the app’s self-management tools may improve coping strategies. However, these processes have never been examined in a combined, longitudinal fashion.

          Objective: The aim of the current study is to assess symptom fluctuations, coping strategies and long-term endocrine correlates of PTSD by a longitudinal, multimodal approach, combining traditional, online and EMA self-report with hair cortisol data and CoachPTBS as a possible novel mHealth tool.

          Method: 120 participants waiting for PTSD psychotherapy will be randomly grouped. After in-situ assessment and hair sample collection, 40 will receive CoachPTBS, using it daily throughout 4 weeks. A parallel group of 40 will participate in EMA, completing daily questionnaires on symptoms and coping. In between, online surveys will be conducted. After 6 weeks, a final interview and another hair sample collection will follow. Comparisons between these groups and waitlist-control, also consisting of 40 PTSD participants, and 40 non-traumatized participants assessed via EMA regarding aversive emotions and coping are planned.

          Discussion: Novel insights into the interplay of biological and coping strategies in PTSD are expected due to the innovative multimodal study design. Results will further explore benefits of eHealth tools on coping with PTSD.

          Antecedentes: Es bien sabido por los estudios transversales que las estrategias de afrontamiento individuales influyen significativamente en la patogénesis del estrés postraumático (TEPT). Igualmente es indiscutible el rol de los procesos biológicos, por ej. De la llamada ‘hormona del estrés’, el cortisol para la trayectoria del TEPT. La evaluación ecológica del momento (EMA, por sus siglas en ingles), la que consiste en la colección repetida de estados momentáneos auto-reportados a través de teléfonos inteligentes, es ideal para arrojar luz sobre las fluctuaciones de los síntomas y estrategias de afrontamiento. La EMA puede constituir tambien un enfoque prometedor para proporcionar asociaciones más cercanas a los biomarcadores que el auto-reporte retrospectivo. La aplicación móvil ‘CoachPTBS’, creada para facilitar la transición en los sistemas de atención médica, une los periodos de espera para la psicoterapia específica para el trauma. CoachPTBS ofrece herramientas similares a EMA que podrían dilucidar el manejo de los síntomas de estrés. Además, las herramientas de autogestión de la aplicación pueden mejorar las estrategias de afrontamiento. Sin embargo, estos procesos nunca han sido examinados de manera longitudinal combinada.

          Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar las fluctuaciones de los síntomas, las estrategias de afrontamiento y los correlatos endocrinos a largo plazo del TEPT mediante un enfoque longitudinal y multimodal que combina el auto-reporte tradicional, en línea y EMA con información de cortisol capilar y CoachPTBS como una posible herramienta novedosa de salud móvil.

          Métodos: Se agruparán 120 participantes que esperan psicoterapia para TEPT. Después de una evaluación in situ y toma de muestra de cabello, 40 recibirán CoachPTBS, usándola diariamente durante cuatro semanas. Un grupo paralelo de 40 participará en EMA, completando cuestionarios diariamente acerca de los síntomas y afrontamiento. En el proceso, se realizaran encuestas en línea. Después de seis semanas, se realizará una entrevista final y otra recolección de muestras de cabello. Se planea una comparación entre estos grupos y la lista de espera, tambien consistente en 40 participantes con TEPT, y 40 participantes no traumatizados evaluados a través de EMA en relación a emociones adversas y afrontamiento.

          Discusión: Se esperan novedosas ideas en la interacción entre lo biológico y las estrategias de afrontamiento en TEPT debido al diseño innovador del estudio multimodal. Los resultados exploraran con mayor profundidad los beneficios de las herramientas de Salud ‘electrónica’ para hacer frente al TEPT.

          背景:众所周知,横断面研究支持个体应对策略会显著影响创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)的发病机制。生物过程(例如被称作‘应激激素’的皮质醇影响PTSD的轨迹)的作用也已达成共识。生态瞬时评估(EMA),通过智能手机反复自我报告瞬时状态,是解决症状波动和应对策略的理想选择。与回顾性自我报告相比,EMA比自评报告与生物标志物联系更紧密,具有一定前景。移动应用程序‘CoachPTBS’旨在促进向医疗保健系统的过渡,填补创伤特定心理治疗的等待期。 CoachPTBS提供类似于EMA的工具,可以阐明应对压力症状的方法。此外,应用程序的自我管理工具可以改善应对策略。然而,这些过程从未以组合的、纵向方式进行检验。

          目的:本研究的目的是通过纵向、多模式方法评估创伤后应激障碍的症状波动,应对策略和长期内分泌相关因素,将传统、在线和EMA自我报告结合头发皮质醇数据和CoachPTBS作为一种可能的新型mHealth工具的数据。

          方法:等待PTSD心理治疗的120名参与者将被随机分组。在原位(in-situ)评估和头发样本采集后,40人将接受CoachPTBS,每天使用持续四周。另一个40人的平行小组将参加EMA,们日完成关于症状和应对的问卷。在此期间,还进行了在线调查。六周后,将进行最后一次采访和第二次头发样本采集。这些组与等待名单控制组(包括40名创伤后应激障碍参与者)以及40名通过EMA评估厌恶情绪和应对的非创伤暴露参与者进行比较。

          讨论:本研究使用创新的多模式研究设计,提出对PTSD中生物和应对策略的相互作用的新见解。结果将进一步探讨eHealth在应对 PTSD方面的贡献。

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          Most cited references37

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              From analyzing 100 assessments of coping, the authors critiqued strategies and identified best practices for constructing category systems. From current systems, a list of 400 ways of coping was compiled. For constructing lower order categories, the authors concluded that confirmatory factor analysis should replace the 2 most common strategies (exploratory factor analysis and rational sorting). For higher order categories, they recommend that the 3 most common distinctions (problem- vs. emotion-focused, approach vs. avoidance, and cognitive vs. behavioral) no longer be used. Instead, the authors recommend hierarchical systems of action types (e.g., proximity seeking, accommodation). From analysis of 6 such systems, 13 potential core families of coping were identified. Future steps involve deciding how to organize these families, using their functional homogeneity and distinctiveness, and especially their links to adaptive processes.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Eur J Psychotraumatol
                Eur J Psychotraumatol
                ZEPT
                zept20
                European Journal of Psychotraumatology
                Taylor & Francis
                2000-8066
                2019
                5 September 2019
                : 10
                : 1
                : 1654064
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden, Germany
                [b ]Department of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden , Dresden, Germany
                Author notes
                CONTACT Julia Schellong Julia.Schellong@ 123456uniklinikum-dresden.de Department of Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden , Fetscherstraße 74, Dresden 01307, Germany
                [*]

                Shared First Authorship

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8355-1603
                Article
                1654064
                10.1080/20008198.2019.1654064
                6735333
                c308dd90-c977-4620-94e9-b806aad7901c
                © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 23 July 2019
                : 26 July 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 1, References: 64, Pages: 10
                Categories
                e-Health applications in the field of traumatic stress

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                posttraumatic stress disorder,ehealth,ecological momentary assessment,mhealth,coping,hair cortisol,trastorno de estrés postraumático,salud electrónica,evaluación ecológica del momento,salud móvil,afrontamiento,cortisol en cabello,创伤后应激障碍,生态瞬时评估,移动健康,应对,头发皮质醇

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