14
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Síndrome de West: etiología, fisiopatología, aspectos clínicos y pronósticos

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          El síndrome de West es una encefalopatía epiléptica dependiente de la edad caracterizada por la tríada electroclínica de espasmos epilépticos, retardo del desarrollo psicomotor y patrón electroencefalográfico de hipsarritmia en el electroencefalograma, aunque uno de estos elementos puede estar ausente. Se inicia en la mayoría de los pacientes durante el primer año de vida. Desde el punto de vista etiológico se clasifica en idiopático, criptogénico y sintomático. Las causas prenatales son las más frecuentes. Diversas hipótesis se han planteado para explicar el origen del síndrome de West. Los espasmos epilépticos son las crisis características del síndrome de West, los cuales pueden ser en flexión, extensión y mixtos. Se realiza una revisión de aspectos importantes de la etiología, fisiopatología, manifestaciones clínicas, diagnóstico diferencial y pronóstico del síndrome de West.

          Translated abstract

          West syndrome is an age-dependent epileptic encephalopathy characterized by electoclinical triad of epileptic spasms, retardation of psychomotor development and electroencephalographic pattern of hipsarrythmia, although one of these elements may not be present. The majority of patients develop this syndrome in the first year of life. From the etiological viewpoint, Western syndrome is idiopathic, cryptogenic and symptomatic. The prenatal causes are the most frequent ones. Various hypotheses have been presented to explain the origin of West syndrome. Epileptic spasms are the characteristic crises that can be in flexion, extension or combined. A review is made on important aspects of etiology, physiopathology, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis and prognosis of West syndrome.

          Related collections

          Most cited references59

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Book: not found

          Atlas of electroencephalography

            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Infantile spasms: I. PET identifies focal cortical dysgenesis in cryptogenic cases for surgical treatment.

            Positron emission tomography (PET) of local cerebral glucose metabolism in 13 children with infantile spasms of undetermined cause (cryptogenic spasms) revealed unilateral hypometabolism involving the parieto-occipito-temporal region in 5 female infants. Cranial computed tomography showed normal findings in all infants. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a normal appearance in 4 of the 5 infants; in 1 infant, MRI revealed a subtle abnormality consisting of poor demarcation between occipital gray and white matter. Surface electroencephalography (EEG) in 4 showed hypsarrythmia at some time in the patients' courses, but at other times showed localized or lateralized abnormalities corresponding to areas of PET-detected hypometabolism. Because of poor seizure control, 4 infants underwent surgical removal of the cortical focus guided by intraoperative electrocorticography and were seizure free postoperatively. Neuropathological examination of resected tissue in each showed microscopic cortical dysplasia. Our findings indicate that in infants with cryptogenic spasms, PET can effectively identify those due to unsuspected focal cortical dysplasia, for which resective surgery offers improved prognosis.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              A long-term follow-up study of 214 children with the syndrome of infantile spasms.

              The long-term prognosis of 192 surviving children with the syndrome of infantile spasms was evaluated. The children had been admitted to three paediatric hospitals in Helsinki at the time of initial diagnosis. The aetiological factors of the syndrome were carefully studied in each case. ACTH therapy was employed in 162, usually for about six weeks. The follow-up study 3-19 (mean 10.4) years later was made at the Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki. The rate of mortality was 19.6 per cent. Normal development was seen in 12 per cent and slightly subnormal in 10.4 per cent of the surviving children. Psychiatric disorders were seen in 27.6 per cent of the survivors. Sensory defects were also common. Severe cerebral palsy was seen in 4 per cent. Other seizures after cessation of the infantile spasms were seen in 60 per cent. Serial EEG studies showed that the temporal lobe was the most common site of abnormality. Abnormalities in the temporal lobes were seen frequently in children with symptomatic neonatal hypoglycaemia as a probable cause of the spasms. Prognostically favourable factors were "idiopathic" aetiology, normal development and not other fits prior to the spasms, short treatment lag, good response to ACTH and short duration of the spasms. In this study early treatment seemed to be of great importance even with regard to mental development. The factors connected with a bad outcome were: symptomatic aetiology (especially brain malformations, early infections and tuberous sclerosis), slow development before spasms, other seizures before infantile spasms, early onset of the spasms, long treatment lag, long duration of the spasms and other later occurrence of myoclonic-astatic seizures (Lennox-Gastaut). Large doses of ACTH (120-160 units) were not associated with a better prognosis than the smaller doses (20-40 units). The benefit of long versus short treatment schedules could not be evaluated in this study. The relapse rate here was 32 per cent.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ped
                Revista Cubana de Pediatría
                Rev Cubana Pediatr
                Editorial Ciencias Médicas (Ciudad de la Habana )
                1561-3119
                June 2002
                : 74
                : 2
                : 151-161
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Hospital Pediátrico William Soler Cuba
                [2 ] Policlínico Federico Capdevila Cuba
                Article
                S0034-75312002000200009
                c3225ad8-984c-47b2-9848-b76de82d1e3d

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Cuba

                Self URI (journal page): http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0034-7531&lng=en
                Categories
                PEDIATRICS

                Pediatrics
                SPASMS, INFANTILE,PROGNOSIS,EPILEPSY,INFANT,ESPASMOS INFANTILES,PRONOSTICO,EPILEPSIA,LACTANTE
                Pediatrics
                SPASMS, INFANTILE, PROGNOSIS, EPILEPSY, INFANT, ESPASMOS INFANTILES, PRONOSTICO, EPILEPSIA, LACTANTE

                Comments

                Comment on this article