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      Estímulo discriminativo de extinção produzido por respostas de observação em pombos Translated title: Discriminative stimulus of extinction produced by observing responses in pigeons

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          Abstract

          Pombos privados de comida foram expostos a tentativas que podiam terminar com ou sem a apresentação de comida independentemente de qualquer resposta. Durante uma tentativa, bicadas podiam mudar a cor do disco de resposta de branco para verde (S+) ou vermelho (S-) a depender do acionamento (ou não) do comedouro. Em linha de base, bicadas produziam ambas as cores em intervalos médios variáveis de 15 s. Em duas condições experimentais distintas, tandem VI DRH foi empregado na produção, ora de S+, ora de S-. Resultados mostraram que o esquema tandem levou a uma diminuição geral na freqüência de estímulos discriminativos produzidos, marcadamente na de S+, mas não na de S-. Esses dados fornecem suporte para o modelo de reforçamento condicionado baseado na redução da incerteza.

          Translated abstract

          Food-deprived pigeons were given a series of trials in which half ended with response- independent food presentation and half without it. During a trial, pecking the key could change its color from white to green (S+) or red (S-), depending on whether food was programmed or not. In baseline conditions, pecks produced both stimuli (colors) on a 15-s variable-interval schedule. In two different conditions, tandem VI DRH was applied to produce either S+ or S-. Results showed that the tandem contingency resulted in a general decrease in the discriminative stimulus production, markedly to S+, but not to S-. The findings are consistent with the uncertainty-reduction model of conditioned reinforcement.

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          Most cited references47

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          The role of observing responses in discrimination learning. Part I.

          L. Wyckoff (1952)
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            Revisiting the role of bad news in maintaining human observing behavior.

            Results from studies of observing responses have suggested that stimuli maintain observing owing to their special relationship to primary reinforcement (the conditioned-reinforcement hypothesis), and not because they predict the availability and nonavailability of reinforcement (the information hypothesis). The present article first reviews a study that challenges that conclusion and then reports a series of five brief experiments that provide further support for the conditioned-reinforcement view. In Experiments 1 through 3, participants preferred occasional good news (a stimulus correlated with reinforcement) or no news (a stimulus uncorrelated with reinforcement) to occasional bad news (a stimulus negatively correlated with reinforcement). In Experiment 4 bad news was preferred to no news when the absence of stimulus change following a response to the bad-news option was reliably associated with good news. When this association was weakened in Experiment 5 the results were intermediate. The results support the conclusion that information is reinforcing only when it is positive or useful. As required by the conditioned-reinforcement hypothesis, useless information does not maintain observing.
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              Secondary reinforcement and information as determinants of observing behavior in monkeys (Macaca mulatta)

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                prc
                Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica
                Psicol. Reflex. Crit.
                Curso de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (Porto Alegre )
                0102-7972
                2011
                : 24
                : 3
                : 577-587
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S0102-79722011000300019
                10.1590/S0102-79722011000300019
                c33cb99b-f930-491e-aa88-7fe0f9f450c7

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History

                Observing Response,Conditioned Reinforcement,Delay-reduction Model,Uncertainty-reduction Model,Pigeons,Resposta de Observação,Reforçamento Condicionado,Modelo da Redução do Atraso,Modelo da Redução da Incerteza,Pombos

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