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      Agriculture and biodiversity: a review

      1 , 2 , 3 , 4
      Biodiversity
      Informa UK Limited

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          Ecological intensification: harnessing ecosystem services for food security.

          Rising demands for agricultural products will increase pressure to further intensify crop production, while negative environmental impacts have to be minimized. Ecological intensification entails the environmentally friendly replacement of anthropogenic inputs and/or enhancement of crop productivity, by including regulating and supporting ecosystem services management in agricultural practices. Effective ecological intensification requires an understanding of the relations between land use at different scales and the community composition of ecosystem service-providing organisms above and below ground, and the flow, stability, contribution to yield, and management costs of the multiple services delivered by these organisms. Research efforts and investments are particularly needed to reduce existing yield gaps by integrating context-appropriate bundles of ecosystem services into crop production systems. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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            Tropical forests were the primary sources of new agricultural land in the 1980s and 1990s.

            Global demand for agricultural products such as food, feed, and fuel is now a major driver of cropland and pasture expansion across much of the developing world. Whether these new agricultural lands replace forests, degraded forests, or grasslands greatly influences the environmental consequences of expansion. Although the general pattern is known, there still is no definitive quantification of these land-cover changes. Here we analyze the rich, pan-tropical database of classified Landsat scenes created by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations to examine pathways of agricultural expansion across the major tropical forest regions in the 1980s and 1990s and use this information to highlight the future land conversions that probably will be needed to meet mounting demand for agricultural products. Across the tropics, we find that between 1980 and 2000 more than 55% of new agricultural land came at the expense of intact forests, and another 28% came from disturbed forests. This study underscores the potential consequences of unabated agricultural expansion for forest conservation and carbon emissions.
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              Persistent negative effects of pesticides on biodiversity and biological control potential on European farmland

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Biodiversity
                Biodiversity
                Informa UK Limited
                1488-8386
                2160-0651
                August 30 2017
                July 03 2017
                July 28 2017
                July 03 2017
                : 18
                : 2-3
                : 45-49
                Affiliations
                [1 ] School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
                [2 ] Equilibrium Research, Bristol, UK
                [3 ] University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
                [4 ] United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, Bonn, Germany
                Article
                10.1080/14888386.2017.1351892
                c3622907-cc49-43d6-99ba-8a24d60bc23c
                © 2017
                History

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