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      Rationale and design of the Pan-African Sudden Cardiac Death survey: the Pan-African SCD study

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          Summary

          Background

          The estimated rate of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in Western countries ranges from 300 000 to 400 000 annually, which represents 0.36 to 1.28 per 1 000 inhabitants in Europe and the United States. The burden of SCD in Africa is unknown. Our aim is to assess the epidemiology of SCD in Africa.

          Methods

          The Pan-Africa SCD study is a prospective, multicentre, community-based registry monitoring all cases of cardiac arrest occurring in victims over 15 years old. We will use the definition of SCD as ‘witnessed natural death occurring within one hour of the onset of symptoms’ or ‘unwitnessed natural death within 24 hours of the onset of symptoms’. After appro val from institutional boards, we will record demographic, clinical, electrocardiographic and biological variables of SCD victims (including survivors of cardiac arrest) in several African cities. All deaths occurring in residents of districts of interest will be checked for past medical history, circumstances of death, and autopsy report (if possible). We will also analyse the employment of resuscitation attempts during the time frame of sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in various patient populations throughout African countries.

          Conclusion

          This study will provide comprehensive, contemporary data on the epidemiology of SCD in Africa and will help in the development of strategies to prevent and manage cardiac arrest in this region of the world.

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          Most cited references58

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          A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010

          The Lancet, 380(9859), 2224-2260
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            Global burden of cardiovascular diseases: part I: general considerations, the epidemiologic transition, risk factors, and impact of urbanization.

            This two-part article provides an overview of the global burden of atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease. Part I initially discusses the epidemiologic transition which has resulted in a decrease in deaths in childhood due to infections, with a concomitant increase in cardiovascular and other chronic diseases; and then provides estimates of the burden of cardiovascular (CV) diseases with specific focus on the developing countries. Next, we summarize key information on risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and indicate that their importance may have been underestimated. Then, we describe overarching factors influencing variations in CVD by ethnicity and region and the influence of urbanization. Part II of this article describes the burden of CV disease by specific region or ethnic group, the risk factors of importance, and possible strategies for prevention.
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              HRS/EHRA/APHRS expert consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of patients with inherited primary arrhythmia syndromes: document endorsed by HRS, EHRA, and APHRS in May 2013 and by ACCF, AHA, PACES, and AEPC in June 2013.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Cardiovasc J Afr
                Cardiovasc J Afr
                TBC
                Cardiovascular Journal of Africa
                Clinics Cardive Publishing
                1995-1892
                1680-0745
                Jul-Aug 2014
                : 25
                : 4
                : 176-184
                Affiliations
                Teaching Hospital Laquintinie, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
                Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Victor Provo, Roubaix, France
                Biostatistics, Statprest, Paris, France
                Service de Réanimation Médicale, Centre Hospitalier, Universitaire de Yaoundé, Cameroon
                Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
                Service de Cardiologie, Hopital Abderrrahmen Mami Ariana, Tunis, Tunisia
                Department of Internal Medicine, Mulago Hospital, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
                Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Général de Port-Gentil, Gabon
                Heart Hospital, HMC, Tripoli, Libya
                Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Général de Bamako, Mali
                Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
                Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, UK
                Service de Cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Abomey Calavi de Cotonou, Benin
                Department of Cardiology, UCT Private Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
                Department of Cardiology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
                Department of Cardiology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Tanzania
                Department of Cardiology, University Teaching Hospital of Accra, Ghana
                Department of Cardiology, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
                Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Khartoum, Sudan
                Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
                Department of Molecular Genetics, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy
                Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Italy
                Article
                10.5830/CVJA-2014-035
                4170179
                25192301
                c363e2ac-0138-44b7-b580-26c25b16c048
                Copyright © 2010 Clinics Cardive Publishing

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 25 March 2014
                : 13 June 2014
                Categories
                Cardiovascular Topics

                sudden cardiac death,epidemiology,ethnicity,africa
                sudden cardiac death, epidemiology, ethnicity, africa

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