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      The Interplay between Adipose Tissue Properties and Levels of NT-proBNP in People with HIV

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          Abstract

          Objective

          We aimed to assess the association between low N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and body mass index (BMI), adipose tissue distribution, adiponectin, and HIV-specific risk factors among people with HIV (PWH).

          Methods

          We included 811 PWH with measurement of height, weight and waist circumference, blood samples analyzed for NT-proBNP, and visceral-(VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissue areas measured from CT-scans. Low concentrations of NT-proBNP were defined as concentrations below the limit of quantification (5.9 pmol/L). Associations were explored with multivariable logistic regression analyses adjusted for relevant confounders.

          Results

          We identified 471 (58%) individuals with low concentrations of NT-proBNP. Increasing BMI was associated with higher odds of low NT-proBNP (adjusted OR (aOR) 1.06 (95% CI: 1.01–1.11) per 1 kg/m 2). Central obesity and large areas of VAT were associated with higher odds of low NT-proBNP (aOR 1.66 (1.16–2.36) and aOR 1.69 (1.09–2.62), respectively). Higher adiponectin was associated with lower odds of low NT-proBNP (aOR 0.86 (0.79–0.95) per 10% increase). No associations were found between low NT-proBNP and HIV-specific risk factors.

          Conclusions

          In PWH, low NT-proBNP is associated with an adverse adipose tissue profile with high BMI, central obesity, accumulation of VAT, and low adiponectin.

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          Most cited references44

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          A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate.

          Andrew Levey, Lesley Stevens, Christopher H Schmid … (2009)
          Equations to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are routinely used to assess kidney function. Current equations have limited precision and systematically underestimate measured GFR at higher values. To develop a new estimating equation for GFR: the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation. Cross-sectional analysis with separate pooled data sets for equation development and validation and a representative sample of the U.S. population for prevalence estimates. Research studies and clinical populations ("studies") with measured GFR and NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey), 1999 to 2006. 8254 participants in 10 studies (equation development data set) and 3896 participants in 16 studies (validation data set). Prevalence estimates were based on 16,032 participants in NHANES. GFR, measured as the clearance of exogenous filtration markers (iothalamate in the development data set; iothalamate and other markers in the validation data set), and linear regression to estimate the logarithm of measured GFR from standardized creatinine levels, sex, race, and age. In the validation data set, the CKD-EPI equation performed better than the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation, especially at higher GFR (P < 0.001 for all subsequent comparisons), with less bias (median difference between measured and estimated GFR, 2.5 vs. 5.5 mL/min per 1.73 m(2)), improved precision (interquartile range [IQR] of the differences, 16.6 vs. 18.3 mL/min per 1.73 m(2)), and greater accuracy (percentage of estimated GFR within 30% of measured GFR, 84.1% vs. 80.6%). In NHANES, the median estimated GFR was 94.5 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) (IQR, 79.7 to 108.1) vs. 85.0 (IQR, 72.9 to 98.5) mL/min per 1.73 m(2), and the prevalence of chronic kidney disease was 11.5% (95% CI, 10.6% to 12.4%) versus 13.1% (CI, 12.1% to 14.0%). The sample contained a limited number of elderly people and racial and ethnic minorities with measured GFR. The CKD-EPI creatinine equation is more accurate than the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation and could replace it for routine clinical use. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.
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            2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure

            Theresa A McDonagh, Marco Metra, Marianna Adamo … (2021)
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              2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8).

              Paul James, Suzanne Oparil, Barry Carter … (2014)
              Hypertension is the most common condition seen in primary care and leads to myocardial infarction, stroke, renal failure, and death if not detected early and treated appropriately. Patients want to be assured that blood pressure (BP) treatment will reduce their disease burden, while clinicians want guidance on hypertension management using the best scientific evidence. This report takes a rigorous, evidence-based approach to recommend treatment thresholds, goals, and medications in the management of hypertension in adults. Evidence was drawn from randomized controlled trials, which represent the gold standard for determining efficacy and effectiveness. Evidence quality and recommendations were graded based on their effect on important outcomes. There is strong evidence to support treating hypertensive persons aged 60 years or older to a BP goal of less than 150/90 mm Hg and hypertensive persons 30 through 59 years of age to a diastolic goal of less than 90 mm Hg; however, there is insufficient evidence in hypertensive persons younger than 60 years for a systolic goal, or in those younger than 30 years for a diastolic goal, so the panel recommends a BP of less than 140/90 mm Hg for those groups based on expert opinion. The same thresholds and goals are recommended for hypertensive adults with diabetes or nondiabetic chronic kidney disease (CKD) as for the general hypertensive population younger than 60 years. There is moderate evidence to support initiating drug treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, angiotensin receptor blocker, calcium channel blocker, or thiazide-type diuretic in the nonblack hypertensive population, including those with diabetes. In the black hypertensive population, including those with diabetes, a calcium channel blocker or thiazide-type diuretic is recommended as initial therapy. There is moderate evidence to support initial or add-on antihypertensive therapy with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker in persons with CKD to improve kidney outcomes. Although this guideline provides evidence-based recommendations for the management of high BP and should meet the clinical needs of most patients, these recommendations are not a substitute for clinical judgment, and decisions about care must carefully consider and incorporate the clinical characteristics and circumstances of each individual patient.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Susanne Dam Nielsen:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6391-7455
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Obes
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Obes
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JOBE
                Title: Journal of Obesity
                Publisher: Hindawi
                ISSN (Print): 2090-0708
                ISSN (Electronic): 2090-0716
                Publication date Collection: 2023
                Publication date (Electronic): 4 November 2023
                Volume: 2023
                Electronic Location Identifier: 6199388
                Affiliations
                1Viro-Immunology Research Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
                2Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
                3Department of Cardiology, The Heart Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
                4Center of Research & Disruption of Infectious Diseases, Amager and Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
                5Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
                6Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
                7Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
                8Department of Radiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
                Author notes

                Academic Editor: Claire Stocker

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6391-7455
                Article
                DOI: 10.1155/2023/6199388
                PMC ID: 10640655
                SO-VID: c364c107-c3e4-44ad-a7e1-29a9a75fc9a9
                Copyright statement: Copyright © 2023 Mads-Holger Bang Jacobsen et al.
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 31 August 2023
                Date revision received : 24 October 2023
                Date accepted : 26 October 2023
                Funding
                Funded by: Rigshospitalet
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nutrition & Dietetics
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nutrition & Dietetics

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