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      Incidence and Risk Factors for Retinopathy of Prematurity in Tabuk City, KSA

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          Abstract

          PURPOSE:

          Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is becoming a leading cause of preventable blindness. The current study aimed to assess ROP and its risk factors in Tabuk City, Northern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

          METHODS:

          A retrospective study was conducted in King Khalid Hospital, Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia. The premature infants' records during the period of January 2016 to April 2018 were approached. One hundred and eight records were eligible; the infants' gestational age, weight, if received oxygen, surfactant use, blood transfusion, intraventricular hemorrhage, and patent ductus arteriosus were reported. Chi-square test was used to compare premature infants and their counterparts regarding various risk factors. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

          RESULTS:

          Out of 108 premature infants, 33.3% had ROP (Many were sightthreatening [stages required treatment] and more than twothirds involving both eyes); a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05) was evident between infants with prematurity, and low birth weight. No significant differences were found regarding other risk factors ( P > 0.05). Only 8.3% received interventional therapy.

          CONCLUSION:

          ROP is common in King Khalid Hospital, which is the referral tertiary hospital in Tabuk city, KSA . The low birth weight is a significant risk factor to develop ROP. Many of ROP cases were sightthreatening (cases that required treatment) and most cases involving both eyes. Treatment availability at Tabuk city is recommended, instead of referral to another centers especially among those with low weight at birth.

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          Most cited references19

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          Screening examination of premature infants for retinopathy of prematurity.

          , , (2006)
          This statement revises a previous statement on screening of preterm infants for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) that was published in 2001. ROP is a pathologic process that occurs only in immature retinal tissue and can progress to a tractional retinal detachment, which can result in functional or complete blindness. Recent development of peripheral retinal ablative therapy using laser photocoagulation has resulted in the possibility of markedly decreasing the incidence of this poor visual outcome, but the sequential nature of ROP creates a requirement that at-risk preterm infants be examined at proper times to detect the changes of ROP before they become permanently destructive. This statement presents the attributes on which an effective program for detecting and treating ROP could be based, including the timing of initial examination and subsequent reexamination intervals.
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            The Epidemiology of Retinopathy of Prematurity in the United States.

            Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of blindness in premature and low birth weight infants. Here, the authors examine the incidence of ROP in the United States and evaluate risk factors associated with ROP development.
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              Incidence, risk factors and severity of retinopathy of prematurity in Turkey (TR-ROP study): a prospective, multicentre study in 69 neonatal intensive care units

              Background To evaluate the prevalence, risk factors and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Turkey and to establish screening criteria for this condition. Methods A prospective cohort study (TR-ROP) was performed between 1 April 2016 and 30 April 2017 in 69 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Infants with a birth weight (BW)≤1500 g or gestational age (GA)≤32 weeks and those with a BW>1500 g or GA>32 weeks with an unstable clinical course were included in the study. Predictors for the development of ROP were determined by logistic regression analyses. Results The TR-ROP study included 6115 infants: 4964 (81%) with a GA≤32 weeks and 1151 (19%) with a GA>32 weeks. Overall, 27% had any stage of ROP and 6.7% had severe ROP. A lower BW, smaller GA, total days on oxygen, late-onset sepsis, frequency of red blood cell transfusions and relative weight gain were identified as independent risk factors for severe ROP in infants with a BW≤1500 g. Of all infants, 414 needed treatment and 395 (95.4%) of the treated infants had a BW≤1500 g. Sixty-six (16%) of the treated infants did not fulfil the Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity requirements for treatment. Conclusions Screening of infants with a GA≤34 weeks or a BW<1700 g appears to be appropriate in Turkey. Monitoring standards of neonatal care and conducting quality improvement projects across the country are recommended to improve neonatal outcomes in Turkish NICUs. Trial registration number NCT02814929, Results.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol
                Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol
                MEAJO
                Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology
                Wolters Kluwer - Medknow (India )
                0974-9233
                0975-1599
                Apr-Jun 2020
                20 July 2020
                : 27
                : 2
                : 105-109
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, KSA
                [2 ] Department of Ophthalmology, King Fahad University Hospital, Alkhobar, KSA
                [3 ] Department of Family Medicine, King Salman Armed Forced Hospital, Tabuk, KSA
                [4 ] Department of Radiology, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, KSA
                [5 ] Department of Internal Medicine, King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Tabuk, KSA
                [6 ] Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, KSA
                [7 ] Department of Vitreoretinal, King Khaled Eye Specialized Hospital, Riyadh, KSA
                [8 ] Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Majma'ah, KSA
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Hani B. AlBalawi, College of Medicine, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, KSA. E-mail: hb.albalawi@ 123456ut.edu.sa
                Article
                MEAJO-27-105
                10.4103/meajo.MEAJO_195_19
                7442085
                32874043
                c36ca9e9-2944-4c0b-b410-0a0980e26e8d
                Copyright: © 2020 Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology

                This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

                History
                : 23 July 2019
                : 19 April 2020
                : 06 June 2020
                Categories
                Original Article

                Ophthalmology & Optometry
                retinopathy of prematurity,retinopathy of prematurity risks,saudi arabia,tabuk

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