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      CT Scanning and MATLAB Calculations for Preservation of Coptic Mural Paintings in Historic Egyptian Monasteries

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          Abstract

          Investigations of Coptic mural paintings in historic churches and monasteries demand a deep understanding of the micro structure of the mural painting layers. The main objective of the present study is to study the efficiency of new avenues of computed X-ray tomography (CT Scan) and MATLAB in the analysis of Coptic mural paintings, either in the form of images or videos made to collect information about the physical characteristics of the material structure of the layers of mural paintings. These advanced techniques have been used in the investigation of samples of Coptic mural paintings dating back to the V–VIII century A.D, which have been collected from several locations in the Coptic monasteries in Upper Egypt. The application of CT-scanning is a powerful non-destructive tool for imaging and investigation which can be applied to the preservation of monuments made from many different materials. The second stage of research will be to characterize the materials through analytical techniques including XRD, XRF, EDX and FTIR to confirm the findings of CT scanning and to provide additional information concerning the materials used and their deterioration processes. This paper presents the results of the first pilot study in which CT scan and MATLAB have been utilized in combination for the non-destructive evaluation and investigation of Coptic mural paintings in Upper Egypt. The examinations have been carried out on mural painting samples from three important Coptic monasteries in Upper Egypt: the Qubbat Al Hawa Monastery in Aswan, the Saint Simeon Monastery in Aswan and the Saint Matthew the Potter Monastery in Luxor. This multi-stranded investigation has provided us with important information about the physical structure of the paintings, grains dimensions, grain texture, pore media characterization which include the micro porosity, BET and TPV, surface rendering, and calculation of the points in the surface through calculations completed using MATLAB. CT scanning assisted in the investigation and analyses of image surface details, and helped to visualize hidden micro structures that would otherwise be inaccessible due to over painting.

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          Porosity estimation method by X-ray computed tomography

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            X-ray tomography of large wooden artworks: the case study of "Doppio corpo" by Pietro Piffetti

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              The application of 3D computed tomography with X-rays and neutrons to visualize archaeological objects in blocks of soil

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                sayed.hemeda@cu.edu.eg
                Journal
                Sci Rep
                Sci Rep
                Scientific Reports
                Nature Publishing Group UK (London )
                2045-2322
                7 March 2019
                7 March 2019
                2019
                : 9
                : 3903
                Affiliations
                [1 ]ISNI 0000 0004 4699 3028, GRID grid.417764.7, Faculty of Archaeology, , Aswan University, ; Aswan, Egypt
                [2 ]ISNI 0000000121581746, GRID grid.5037.1, Department of Applied Physics, , KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, ; SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
                [3 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0639 9286, GRID grid.7776.1, Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, , Cairo University, ; 12613 Cairo, Egypt
                [4 ]ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0626, GRID grid.4714.6, Department of Laboratory Medicine, , Karolinska Institute, ; 14186 Huddinge, Stockholm Sweden
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0308-9285
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5678-5298
                Article
                40297
                10.1038/s41598-019-40297-z
                6405889
                30846738
                c37029f4-9b61-46b6-9084-34f3ec2fb5b7
                © The Author(s) 2019

                Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

                History
                : 20 August 2018
                : 7 February 2019
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