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      Infección urinaria en el prenatal: papel de las enfermeras de salud pública Translated title: Infecção urinária no pré-natal: papel do enfermeiro de saúde pública Translated title: Urinary tract infection in prenatal care: role of public health nurses

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN: Objetivo: Explorar y describir el rol de la enfermera de salud pública en la consulta prenatal para prevenir y controlar la infección del tracto urinario. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo cualitativo realizado en 24 unidades básicas de salud en el sur de Piauí, noreste de Brasil. El estudio involucró a 22 enfermeras de salud pública y se llevó a cabo de febrero a marzo de 2016. Los datos se recolectaron a través de un cuestionario semiestructurado que contenía datos sociodemográficos seguido de las preguntas de la entrevista. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó el software IRAMUTEQ mediante el método de Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente. Resultados: Se desarrollaron las siguientes clases a partir de las palabras evocadas: 1 - Atención de rutina a enfermeras de salud pública que atienden a gestantes; 3 - Actuación de las enfermeras de salud pública en el tratamiento y prevención de la infección del tracto urinario en mujeres embarazadas; 4 - Dificultades en el diagnóstico de infección del tracto urinario en mujeres embarazadas; 2 - La educación sanitaria como principal medida adoptada por las enfermeras de salud pública para prevenir la infección del tracto urinario en la gestante. Conclusiones: Las enfermeras de salud pública carecen de protocolos y cumplimiento de las guías. Las principales medidas para la prevención y el control de la infección del tracto urinario en mujeres embarazadas fueron una adecuada higiene íntima, mayor ingesta de líquidos e higiene antes y después de las relaciones sexuales.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO: Objetivo: Explorar e descrever o papel do enfermeiro de saúde pública na consulta de pré-natal para prevenir e controlar a infecção do trato urinário. Métodos: Estudo qualitativo descritivo realizado em 24 unidades básicas de saúde do sul do Piauí, nordeste do Brasil. O estudo envolveu 22 enfermeiros de saúde pública e foi realizado no período de fevereiro a março de 2016. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário semiestruturado contendo dados sociodemográficos seguidos das questões da entrevista. O software IRAMUTEQ foi utilizado para a análise dos dados pelo método de Classificação Hierárquica Descendente. Resultados: As seguintes classes foram elaboradas a partir das palavras evocadas: 1 - Rotina de atendimento dos enfermeiros de saúde pública que atendem gestantes; 3 - Conduta do enfermeiro de saúde pública no tratamento e prevenção de infecção urinária em gestantes; 4 - Dificuldades no diagnóstico de infecção do trato urinário em gestantes; 2 - A educação em saúde como principal medida adotada pelos enfermeiros de saúde pública para prevenir a infecção do trato urinário em mulheres grávidas. Conclusões: Enfermeiros de saúde pública carecem de protocolos e concordância com as diretrizes. As principais medidas de prevenção e controle da infecção do trato urinário em gestantes foram higiene íntima adequada, aumento da ingestão de líquidos e higiene antes e após a relação sexual.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT: Objective: To explore and describe public health nurses' role in the prenatal consultation to prevent and control urinary tract infection. Methods: A qualitative, descriptive study was conducted in 24 basic health units in southern Piauí, northeastern Brazil. The study included 22 public health nurses and was carried out from February to March 2016. Data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire containing sociodemographic data followed by the interview questions. The IRAMUTEQ software was used for data analysis using the Descending Hierarchical Classification method. Results: The following classes were created based on the evoked words: 1 - Routine care of public health nurses assisting pregnant women; 3 - Public health nurse's conduct for treatment and prevention of urinary infection in pregnant women; 4 - Difficulties in diagnosing urinary tract infection in pregnant women; 2 - Health education as the main measure adopted by public health nurses to prevent urinary tract infection in pregnant women. Conclusions: Public health nurses lacked protocols and agreement to guidelines. The main measures for preventing and controlling urinary tract infection in pregnant women were adequate intimate hygiene, increased fluid intake, and hygiene before and after sexual intercourse.

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          Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis and Outlook

          The clinical syndromes comprising urinary tract infection (UTI) continue to exert significant impact on millions of patients worldwide, most of whom are otherwise healthy women. Antibiotic therapy for acute cystitis does not prevent recurrences, which plague up to one fourth of women after an initial UTI. Rising antimicrobial resistance among uropathogenic bacteria further complicates therapeutic decisions, necessitating new approaches based on fundamental biological investigation. In this review, we highlight contemporary advances in the field of UTI pathogenesis and how these might inform both our clinical perspective and future scientific priorities.
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            Etiology and antibiotic resistance patterns of community-acquired urinary tract infections in J N M C Hospital Aligarh, India

            Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain the common infections diagnosed in outpatients as well as hospitalized patients. Current knowledge on antimicrobial susceptibility pattern is essential for appropriate therapy. Extended-Spectrum beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria may not be detected by routine disk diffusion susceptibility test, leading to inappropriate use of antibiotics and treatment failure. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of bacterial strains isolated from patients with community acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) at Aligarh hospital in India as well as identification of ESBL producers in the population of different uropathogens. Methods Urinary isolates from symptomatic UTI cases attending to the JN Medical College and hospital at Aligarh were identified by conventional methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method. Isolates resistant to third generation cephalosporin were tested for ESBL production by double disk synergy test method. Results Of the 920 tested sample 100 samples showed growth of pathogens among which the most prevalent were E. coli (61%) followed by Klebsiella spp (22%). The majority (66.66%) of the isolates were from female while the remaining were from male. Among the gram-negative enteric bacilli high prevalence of resistance was observed against ampicillin and co-trimoxazole. Most of the isolates were resistant to 4 or more number of antibiotics. Forty two percent of isolates were detected to produce ESBL among which 34.42 % were E. coli isolates. Conclusion This study revealed that E. coli was the predominant bacterial pathogen of community acquired UTIs in Aligarh, India. It also demonstrated an increasing resistance to Co-trimoxazole and production of extended spectrum β-lactamase among UTI pathogens in the community. This study is useful for clinician in order to improve the empiric treatment.
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              The use of IRAMUTEQ software for data analysis in qualitative research

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                eg
                Enfermería Global
                Enferm. glob.
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Murcia, Spain )
                1695-6141
                2021
                : 20
                : 64
                : 250-290
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnameUniversidad Federal de Piaui Brasil
                [1] orgnameUniversidad Federal de Tocantins Brasil kim_guerra@ 123456hotmail.com
                [3] orgnameHospital Regional Norte Brasil
                Article
                S1695-61412021000400250 S1695-6141(21)02006400250
                10.6018/eglobal.466121
                c38bf97f-c733-4046-baf4-d44df5062706

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 01 July 2021
                : 01 February 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 41
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                gravidez,saúde pública,pesquisa qualitativa,urinary tract infections,pregnancy,nurses,public health,qualitative research,infecciones del tracto urinario,embarazo,enfermeras,salud pública,investigación cualitativa,infecções do trato urinário,enfermeiros

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