27
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Immunomodulatory effect of fibres, probiotics and synbiotics in different life-stages Translated title: Efecto inmunomodulador de la fibra, probióticos y simbióticos en las diferentes etapas de la vida

      review-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Chronic diseases associated to modern lifestyle habits are usually related to immune system malfunction. In this context, since diet is very well-known to modulate host resistance to infectious and inflammatory processes, the consumption of fibre and probiotics seems to be a promising nutritional tool for immune system modulation in different populations. Health effects of dietary fibres and probiotics have been extensively documented in numerous epidemiological and intervention studies, especially their beneficial effect on intestinal microbiota with important clinical implications in the prevention and/or treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Mechanisms may include modulation of the functional properties of the microbiota, epithelial cells, dendritic cells and immune cell types. Prebiotics have been extensively reported to affect the composition of the gut microbiota, stimulating directly or indirectly putative beneficial gut commensals other than lactic acid bacteria, opening promising areas of research for the discovery of new probiotic strains and synbiotic combinations. Age-related changes in gut physiology, microbiota and mucosal immune response are well established. Moreover, exposure to different challenges during life such as early encounter of environmental insults in the newborn, infant formula feeding, antibiotic treatment, gastrointestinal diseases and stress, also interferes with the normal development and balance of the healthy gut microbiota. Therefore, the current short review gives an overview of today's main aspects of the effect of fibres, probiotics and synbiotics on the immune system in different life-stages.

          Translated abstract

          Las enfermedades crónicas relacionadas con el estilo de vida frecuentemente están asociadas con una alteración del sistema inmunológico. En este sentido, ya que la dieta es capaz de modular la resistencia a infecciones y procesos inflamatorios, el consumo de fibra y probióticos parece ser una herramienta prometedora en la modulación del sistema inmune en diferentes poblaciones. Los efectos saludables de la fibra dietética y los probióticos han sido documentados en numerosos estudios epidemiológicos y de intervención, especialmente sus efectos beneficiosos sobre la microbiota del intestino con implicaciones clínicas importantes en la prevención y/o tratamiento de enfermedades infecciosas e inflamatorias. Los mecanismos incluyen la modulación de las propiedades funcionales de la microbiota, células epiteliales, dendríticas e inmunológicas. Se han estudiado en profundidad cómo los prebióticos afectan a la composición de la microbiota del intestino, estimulando beneficiosamente a otros comensales además de las bacterias acido lácticas, abriendo así una futura línea de investigación con nuevas cepas de probióticos y combinaciones de sinbióticos. Por otro lado, están bien establecidos los cambios en la fisiología del intestino, microbiota y respuesta inmune atribuidos al envejecimiento están bien establecidos. Además, las agresiones externas en los primeros días de vida, la alimentación con formulas infantiles, el tratamiento con probióticos, las enfermedades gastrointestinales y el estrés, también alteran el desarrollo y equilibrio de la microbiota intestinal. Por todo ello, esta revisión ofrece una visión actual sobre los aspectos mas relevantes del efecto de la fibra, probióticos y simbióticos sobre el sistema inmune en las diferentes etapas de la vida.

          Related collections

          Most cited references134

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Human milk is a source of lactic acid bacteria for the infant gut.

          To investigate whether human breast milk contains potentially probiotic lactic acid bacteria, and therefore, whether it can be considered a synbiotic food. Study design Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from milk, mammary areola, and breast skin of eight healthy mothers and oral swabs and feces of their respective breast-fed infants. Some isolates (178 from each mother and newborn pair) were randomly selected and submitted to randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymerase chain reaction analysis, and those that displayed identical RAPD patterns were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. Within each mother and newborn pair, some rod-shaped lactic acid bacteria isolated from mammary areola, breast milk, and infant oral swabs and feces displayed identical RAPD profiles. All of them, independently from the mother and child pair, were identified as Lactobacillus gasseri. Similarly, among coccoid lactic acid bacteria from these different sources, some shared an identical RAPD pattern and were identified as Enterococcus faecium. In contrast, none of the lactic acid bacteria isolated from breast skin shared RAPD profiles with lactic acid bacteria of the other sources. Breast-feeding can be a significant source of lactic acid bacteria to the infant gut. Lactic acid bacteria present in milk may have an endogenous origin and may not be the result of contamination from the surrounding breast skin.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Mechanisms of action of probiotics: recent advances.

            The intestinal microbiota plays a fundamental role in maintaining immune homeostasis. In controlled clinical trials probiotic bacteria have demonstrated a benefit in treating gastrointestinal diseases, including infectious diarrhea in children, recurrent Clostridium difficile-induced infection, and some inflammatory bowel diseases. This evidence has led to the proof of principle that probiotic bacteria can be used as a therapeutic strategy to ameliorate human diseases. The precise mechanisms influencing the crosstalk between the microbe and the host remain unclear but there is growing evidence to suggest that the functioning of the immune system at both a systemic and a mucosal level can be modulated by bacteria in the gut. Recent compelling evidence has demonstrated that manipulating the microbiota can influence the host. Several new mechanisms by which probiotics exert their beneficial effects have been identified and it is now clear that significant differences exist between different probiotic bacterial species and strains; organisms need to be selected in a more rational manner to treat disease. Mechanisms contributing to altered immune function in vivo induced by probiotic bacteria may include modulation of the microbiota itself, improved barrier function with consequent reduction in immune exposure to microbiota, and direct effects of bacteria on different epithelial and immune cell types. These effects are discussed with an emphasis on those organisms that have been used to treat human inflammatory bowel diseases in controlled clinical trials.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Influences of microbiota on intestinal immune system development.

              John Cebra (1999)
              The normal colonization of the mammalian intestine with commensal microbes is hypothesized to drive the development of the humoral and cellular mucosal immune systems during neonatal life and to maintain the physiologically normal steady state of inflammation in the gut throughout life. Neonatal conventionally reared mice and germ-free, deliberately colonized adult mice (gnotobiotic mice) were used to examine the efficacy of certain intestinal microbes.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                June 2010
                : 25
                : 3
                : 341-349
                Affiliations
                [01] Madrid orgnameScientific National Research Council (CSIC) orgdiv1Instituto del Frío orgdiv2Department of Metabolism and Nutrition Spain
                [02] Pamplona orgnameUniversity of Navarra orgdiv1Department of Preventive Medicine & Public Health Spain
                Article
                S0212-16112010000300002
                c38cd70b-69e9-4f50-a02c-ba03fa25fb7c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 18 September 2009
                : 02 November 2009
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 79, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Spain


                Probiotics,Lifespan,Inmunomodulación,Fibra,Probióticos,Immunomodulation,Fibre

                Comments

                Comment on this article