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      Sonographic examination of uterine niche in non‐pregnant women: a modified Delphi procedure

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          ABSTRACT

          Objective

          To generate guidance for detailed uterine niche evaluation by ultrasonography in the non‐pregnant woman, using a modified Delphi procedure amongst European experts.

          Methods

          Twenty gynecological experts were approached through their membership of the European Niche Taskforce. All experts were physicians with extensive experience in niche evaluation in clinical practice and/or authors of niche publications. By means of a modified Delphi procedure, relevant items for niche measurement were determined based on the results of a literature search and recommendations of a focus group of six Dutch experts. It was predetermined that at least three Delphi rounds would be performed (two online questionnaires completed by the expert panel and one group meeting). For it to be declared that consensus had been reached, a consensus rate for each item of at least 70% was predefined.

          Results

          Fifteen experts participated in the Delphi procedure. Consensus was reached for all 42 items on niche evaluation, including definitions, relevance, method of measurement and tips for visualization of the niche. A niche was defined as an indentation at the site of a Cesarean section with a depth of at least 2 mm. Basic measurements, including niche length and depth, residual and adjacent myometrial thickness in the sagittal plane, and niche width in the transverse plane, were considered to be essential. If present, branches should be reported and additional measurements should be made. The use of gel or saline contrast sonography was preferred over standard transvaginal sonography but was not considered mandatory if intrauterine fluid was present. Variation in pressure generated by the transvaginal probe can facilitate imaging, and Doppler imaging can be used to differentiate between a niche and other uterine abnormalities, but neither was considered mandatory.

          Conclusion

          Consensus between niche experts was achieved regarding ultrasonographic niche evaluation. © 2018 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

          Abstract

          This article's abstract has been translated into Spanish and Chinese. Follow the links from the abstract to view the translations.

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          RESUMEN

          Examen ecográfico del istmocele en mujeres no embarazadas: un procedimiento Delphi modificado

          Objetivos

          Generar una guía para la evaluación detallada del istmocele mediante ecografía en mujeres no embarazadas, utilizando un procedimiento Delphi modificado entre expertos europeos.

          Métodos

          Se contactó a veinte expertos en ginecología entre los miembros del Grupo de Trabajo Europeo de Istmocele ( European Niche Taskforce). Todos los expertos eran médicos con amplia experiencia en evaluación de istmocele en la práctica clínica y/o autores de publicaciones sobre istmocele. Se empleó un procedimiento Delphi modificado para determinar los parámetros relevantes para la medición de istmoceles, basándose en los resultados de una búsqueda bibliográfica y en las recomendaciones de un grupo focal de seis expertos holandeses. Se predeterminó que se realizarían al menos tres rondas Delphi (dos cuestionarios en línea cumplimentados por el grupo de expertos y una reunión del grupo). Para declarar que se había alcanzado el consenso, se predefinió una tasa de consenso para cada parámetro de al menos el 70%.

          Resultados

          Quince expertos participaron en el procedimiento Delphi. Se llegó a un consenso sobre los 42 parámetros relativos a la evaluación de los istmoceles, incluidas sus definiciones, pertinencia, el método de medición y los consejos para la visualización de los istmoceles. Se definió un istmocele como una hendidura en el lugar de una cesárea con una profundidad de al menos 2 mm. Se consideraron esenciales ciertas mediciones básicas como la longitud y la profundidad del istmocele, el espesor del miometrio residual y adyacente en el plano sagital y el ancho del istmocele en el plano transversal. En caso de estar presentes, se deberán notificar las ramificaciones y realizar mediciones adicionales. Se prefirió el uso de la ecografía con gel o por contraste salino a la ecografía transvaginal estándar, pero no se consideró obligatoria si había líquido intrauterino presente. La variación en la presión generada por la sonda transvaginal puede facilitar la obtención de imágenes y las imágenes Doppler se pueden usar para diferenciar entre un istmocele y otras anomalías uterinas, pero no se consideran obligatorias.

          Conclusión

          Se logró un consenso entre expertos en istmocele con respecto a la evaluación ecográfica de istmocele.

          摘要

          非妊娠女性中超声检查子宫憩室:一种改良的Delphi法

          目的

          欧洲专家采用一种改良的Delphi法,建立非妊娠女性中通过超声检查详细评估子宫憩室的指南。

          方法

          20名妇科专家均为欧洲子宫憩室特别工作组成员。所有专家均是对临床实践中憩室评估具有丰富经验的医生和(或)发表过憩室研究文章的作者。采用一种改良的Delphi法,根据文献检索结果以及6名荷兰专家组成的专题小组提出的建议,确定憩室检测的相关问题。预定进行至少3轮Delphi法(2次由专家组完成在线问卷调查,1次小组会议)。预先规定每个问题的一致率至少达到70%,才能认定达成一致意见。

          结果

          15名专家参与了Delphi法的实施。对憩室评估的42个问题全部达成一致意见,包括定义、相关性、检测方法以及憩室观察要点。将剖宫产切口处深度至少为2 mm的凹陷定义为子宫憩室。有必要进行基本检查,包括憩室长度和深度、矢状面残余和邻近肌层厚度、横断面憩室宽度。如果发现子宫憩室,应当报告并进行其他检查。与标准的经阴道超声相比,优先采用凝胶或生理盐水对比超声,但如果存在宫腔积液,则不强制采用。经阴道探头产生的压力变化能够促进成像,可以采用多普勒成像鉴别子宫憩室和其他子宫异常,但不强制采用。

          结论

          子宫憩室专家就超声评估子宫憩室达成一致意见。

          Related collections

          Most cited references24

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Prevalence, potential risk factors for development and symptoms related to the presence of uterine niches following Cesarean section: systematic review.

          To review systematically the medical literature reporting on the prevalence of a niche at the site of a Cesarean section (CS) scar using various diagnostic methods, on potential risk factors for the development of a niche and on niche-related gynecological symptoms in non-pregnant women. The PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched. All types of clinical study reporting on the prevalence, risk factors and/or symptoms of a niche in non-pregnant women with a history of CS were included, apart from case reports and case series. Twenty-one papers were selected for inclusion in the review. A wide range in the prevalence of a niche was found. Using contrast-enhanced sonohysterography in a random population of women with a history of CS, the prevalence was found to vary between 56% and 84%. Nine studies reported on risk factors and each study evaluated different factors, which made it difficult to compare studies. Risk factors could be classified into four categories: those related to closure technique, to development of the lower uterine segment or location of the incision or to wound healing, and miscellaneous factors. Probable risk factors are single-layer myometrium closure, multiple CSs and uterine retroflexion. Six out of eight studies that evaluated niche-related symptoms described an association between the presence of a niche and postmenstrual spotting. The reported prevalence of a niche in non-pregnant women varies depending on the method of detection, the criteria used to define a niche and the study population. Potential risk factors can be categorized into four main categories, which may be useful for future research and meta-analyses. The predominant symptom associated with a niche is postmenstrual spotting. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Ultrasound evaluation of the Cesarean scar: relation between a niche and postmenstrual spotting.

            To evaluate the relationship between a niche and abnormal uterine bleeding, and to develop a sonographic classification of niches and evaluate its relationship to abnormal uterine bleeding.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Long-term complications of caesarean section. The niche in the scar: a prospective cohort study on niche prevalence and its relation to abnormal uterine bleeding.

              To study the prevalence of niches in the caesarean scar in a random population, and the relationship with postmenstrual spotting and urinary incontinence.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                j.huirne@vumc.nl
                Journal
                Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol
                Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol
                10.1002/(ISSN)1469-0705
                UOG
                Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology
                John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. (Chichester, UK )
                0960-7692
                1469-0705
                02 January 2019
                January 2019
                : 53
                : 1 ( doiID: 10.1002/uog.2019.53.issue-1 )
                : 107-115
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences VU Medical Centre Amsterdam The Netherlands
                [ 2 ] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Cardiff University Cardiff UK
                [ 3 ] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Universitari Dexeus Barcelona Spain
                [ 4 ] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
                [ 5 ] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Imperial College London London UK
                [ 6 ] Institut du sien et de Chirurgie Gynécologique d'Avignon Polyclinique Urbain V (Elsan Group) Avignon France
                [ 7 ] Institut de Recherche Experimentale et Clinique Université Catholique de Louvain Bruxelles Belgium
                [ 8 ] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark
                [ 9 ] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève, Genève Switzerland
                [ 10 ] Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University College Hospital London UK
                [ 11 ] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Sheba Medical Center Ramat Gan Israel
                [ 12 ] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Deventer Hospital Deventer The Netherlands
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence to: Dr J. A. F. Huirne, VU Medical Centre, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands (e‐mail: j.huirne@ 123456vumc.nl )
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3875-7263
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1353-5576
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2577-7903
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6487-5736
                Article
                UOG19049
                10.1002/uog.19049
                6590297
                29536581
                c39de4e8-1dfb-4a46-82ea-f8473659474f
                © 2018 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

                History
                : 27 November 2017
                : 07 February 2018
                : 16 February 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 2, Pages: 9, Words: 5607
                Categories
                Original Paper
                Original Papers
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                uog19049
                January 2019
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_NLMPMC version:5.6.4 mode:remove_FC converted:24.06.2019

                Obstetrics & Gynecology
                cesarean section,cicatrix,delphi technique,ultrasonography
                Obstetrics & Gynecology
                cesarean section, cicatrix, delphi technique, ultrasonography

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