Effect of Dilazep Dihydrochloride on Serum Cardiac Troponin T Levels in Hemodialysis Patients

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Abstract

Background/Aim: Cardiac troponin T is a highly sensitive marker for the detection of myocardial injury. We studied whether dilazep dihydrochloride affects cardiac troponin T levels in hemodialysis patients. Methods: Our study included 60 hemodialysis patients without symptoms of acute myocardial ischemia. We measured serum cardiac troponin T levels by the Elecsys<sup>®</sup> troponin T assay and randomized 40 hemodialysis patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) into two treatment groups: a dilazep dihydrochloride group (300 mg/day, n = 20) and a placebo group (n = 20). Treatment was continued for 12 months. Results:There were no significant differences between pre- and postdialysis cardiac troponin T levels before treatment. LVH was noted in 40 patients out of 60 hemodialysis patients (67%). Cardiac troponin T levels were significantly higher in these patients (0.23 ± 0.08 µg/l) than in hemodialysis patients without LVH (0.09 ± 0.03 µg/l). Cardiac troponin T levels were reduced from 0.24 ± 0.08 to 0.12 ± 0.06 µg/l (p < 0.01) in patients treated with dilazep dihydrochloride. There were no change in cardiac troponin T levels in patients receiving placebo (from 0.21 ± 0.08 at baseline to 0.20 ± 0.07 µg/l). Conclusion: Dilazep dihydrochloride may be effective in ameliorating myocardial damage in hemodialysis patients.

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Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy: comparison to necropsy findings.

Richard Devereux, Daniel R. Alonso, Elizabeth M. Lutas … (1986)

To determine the accuracy of echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) dimension and mass measurements for detection and quantification of LV hypertrophy, results of blindly read antemortem echocardiograms were compared with LV mass measurements made at necropsy in 55 patients. LV mass was calculated using M-mode LV measurements by Penn and American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) conventions and cube function and volume correction formulas in 52 patients. Penn-cube LV mass correlated closely with necropsy LV mass (r = 0.92, p less than 0.001) and overestimated it by only 6%; sensitivity in 18 patients with LV hypertrophy (necropsy LV mass more than 215 g) was 100% (18 of 18 patients) and specificity was 86% (29 of 34 patients). ASE-cube LV mass correlated similarly to necropsy LV mass (r = 0.90, p less than 0.001), but systematically overestimated it (by a mean of 25%); the overestimation could be corrected by the equation: LV mass = 0.80 (ASE-cube LV mass) + 0.6 g. Use of ASE measurements in the volume correction formula systematically underestimated necropsy LV mass (by a mean of 30%). In a subset of 9 patients, 3 of whom had technically inadequate M-mode echocardiograms, 2-dimensional echocardiographic (echo) LV mass by 2 methods was also significantly related to necropsy LV mass (r = 0.68, p less than 0.05 and r = 0.82, p less than 0.01). Among other indexes of LV anatomy, only measurement of myocardial cross-sectional area was acceptably accurate for quantitation of LV mass (r = 0.80, p less than 0.001) or diagnosis of LV hypertrophy (sensitivity = 72%, specificity = 94%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Adenosine and cardioprotection in the diseased heart.

T Minamino, T Kuzuya, M. Kitakaze … (1999)

Biological and mechanical stressors such as ischemia, hypoxia, cellular ATP depletion, Ca2+ overload, free radicals, pressure and volume overload, catecholamines, cytokines, and renin-angiotensin may independently cause reversible and/or irreversible cardiac dysfunction. As a defense against these forms of stress, several endogenous self-protective mechanisms are exerted to avoid cellular injury. Adenosine, a degradative substance of ATP, may act as an endogenous cardioprotective substance in pathophysiological conditions of the heart, such as myocardial ischemia and chronic heart failure. For example, when brief periods of myocardial ischemia precede sustained ischemia, infarct size is markedly limited, a phenomenon known as ischemic preconditioning. We found that ischemic preconditioning activates the enzyme responsible for adenosine release, ie, ecto-5'-nucleotidase. Furthermore, the inhibitor of ecto-5'-nucleotidase reduced the infarct size-limiting effect of ischemic preconditioning, which establishes the cause-effect relationship between activation of ecto-5'-nucleotidase and the infarct size-limiting effect. We also found that protein kinase C is responsible for the activation of ecto-5'-nucleotidase. Protein kinase C phosphorylated the serine and threonine residues of ecto-5'-nucleotidase. Therefore, we suggest that adenosine produced via ecto-5'-nucleotidase gives cardioprotection against ischemia and reperfusion injury. Also, we found that plasma adenosine levels are increased in patients with chronic heart failure. Ecto-5'-nucleotidase activity increased in the blood and the myocardium in patients with chronic heart failure, which may explain the increases in adenosine levels in the plasma and the myocardium. In addition, we found that further elevation of plasma adenosine levels due to either dipyridamole or dilazep reduces the severity of chronic heart failure. Thus, we suggest that endogenous adenosine is also beneficial in chronic heart failure. We propose potential mechanisms for cardioprotection attributable to adenosine in pathophysiological states in heart diseases. The establishment of adenosine therapy may be useful for the treatment of either ischemic heart diseases or chronic heart failure.

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Increased Rate of Adenine Incorporation into Adenine Nucleotide Pool in Erythrocytes of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

Maciej Marlewski, Ryszard T. Smolenski, Marek Szolkiewicz … (2000)

Background: Elevated purine nucleotide pool (mainly ATP) in erythrocytes of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) is a known phenomenon, however the mechanism responsible for this abnormality is far from being clear. We hypothesize that the increased rate of adenine incorporation into adenine nucleotide pool is responsible for the elevated level of ATP in uremic erythrocytes. Methods: In chronically uremic patients we evaluated using HPLC technique: (a) plasma adenine concentration; (b) the rate of adenine incorporation into adenine nucleotide pool in uremic erythrocytes. Additionally, the effect of higher than physiological phosphate concentration (2.4 m M ) and lower than physiological pH (7.1) on adenine incorporation into erythrocytes adenine nucleotide pool was investigated. Healthy volunteers with normal renal function served as control. Results: The concentration of adenine in plasma of CRF patients was found to be significantly higher than in plasma of healthy subjects. In contrast, adenosine concentration was similar both in healthy humans and in CRF patients. In isolated erythrocytes of uremic patients (incubated in the medium pH 7.4, containing 1.2 m M inorganic phosphate) adenine was incorporated into adenine nucleotide pool at a rate approximately 2-fold higher than in erythrocytes from healthy subjects. The rate of adenosine incorporation into adenine nucleotide pool was similar in erythrocytes of both studied groups. Incubation of erythrocytes obtained from healthy subjects in the medium pH 7.4, containing 2.4 m M inorganic phosphate, caused the increase of adenine incorporation into adenine nucleotide pool by about 60%. Incubation of the cells in the pH 7.1 buffer containing 2.4 m M inorganic phosphate increased the rate of adenine incorporation into adenylate approximately 2-fold as compared to erythrocytes incubated in the medium pH 7.4 containing 1.2 m M inorganic phosphate. Erythrocytes obtained from uremic patients and incubated in the pH 7.1 medium containing 2.4 m M phosphate incorporated adenine into adenine nucleotide pool at a rate similar to erythrocytes incubated in the medium pH 7.4 containing 1.2 m M phosphate. Erythrocytes obtained from either healthy subjects or from patients with CRF and incubated in the presence of higher than physiological concentration of inorganic phosphate (2.4 m M ) and lower than physiological pH (7.1) did not exhibit any increase in the rate of adenisine incorporation into adenine nucleotide pool. Conclusion: These results suggest that the increased rate of adenine incorporation into adenine nucleotide pool could be partially responsible for the increased concentration of ATP in uremic erythrocytes.

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Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): KBR

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Kidney Blood Press Res

Journal ID (doi): 10.1159/issn.1420-4096

Title: Kidney and Blood Pressure Research

Publisher: S. Karger AG

ISSN (Print): 1420-4096

ISSN (Electronic): 1423-0143

Publication date Subscription-year: 2002

Publication date (Print): 2002

Publication date (Electronic): 06 February 2002

Volume: 25

Issue: 1

Pages: 50-54

Affiliations

^aDepartment of Medicine, Misato Junshin Hospital, ^bDepartment of Medicine, National Rehabilitation Center, ^cHousei Clinic, ^dMizue Dialysis Center, and ^eDepartment of Medicine, Koto Hospital, Tokyo, Japan

Article

Publisher ID: 49435 Other ID: Kidney Blood Press Res 2002;25:50–54

DOI: 10.1159/000049435

PubMed ID: 11834877

SO-VID: c3b88386-7874-43c7-bf3d-494f1e4379c3

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Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

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Effect of Dilazep Dihydrochloride on Serum Cardiac Troponin T Levels in Hemodialysis Patients

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Karger: Nephrology

Most cited references 5

Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy: comparison to necropsy findings.

Adenosine and cardioprotection in the diseased heart.

Increased Rate of Adenine Incorporation into Adenine Nucleotide Pool in Erythrocytes of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

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