Efectos de la soledad en la salud de las personas mayores

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Abstract

RESUMEN Objetivos: Identificar las consecuencias del sentimiento de soledad en la salud psicológica y física de las personas mayores. Metodología: Se consultaron las bases de datos PubMed y Web of Science. Se obtuvieron más de 2400 resultados en las búsquedas, de los cuales se seleccionaron 10 artículos que cumplían los criterios de selección establecidos. Resultados: Se identifican como consecuencias del sentimiento de soledad en la salud de las personas mayores la presencia de trastornos psicológicos (ansiedad y depresión); también es un factor predictor de deterioro cognitivo y produce un mayor riesgo de mortalidad, entre otros. Conclusiones: Dados los efectos tan negativos de la soledad en las personas mayores, es necesario realizar un abordaje preventivo y multidisciplinar para minimizar las alteraciones en la salud.

Translated abstract

ABSTRACT Objectives: Identify the consequences of the feeling of loneliness in the psychological and physical health of the elderly. Methodology: The PubMed and Web of Science databases were consulted. We obtained more than 2400 results in the searches from which 10 articles were selected that met the established selection criteria. Results: Psychological disorders (as anxiety and depression) are identified as consequence of the feeling of loneliness in the health of the elderly, is too a predictive factor of cognitive impairment and producing a greater risk of mortality, among other. Conclusions: Given the negative effects of loneliness in the elderly, it is necessary to carry out a preventive and multidisciplinary approach to minimize alterations in health.

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Associations between loneliness and perceived social support and outcomes of mental health problems: a systematic review

Jingyi Wang, Farhana Mann, Brynmor Lloyd-Evans … (2018)

Background The adverse effects of loneliness and of poor perceived social support on physical health and mortality are established, but no systematic synthesis is available of their relationship with the outcomes of mental health problems over time. In this systematic review, we aim to examine the evidence on whether loneliness and closely related concepts predict poor outcomes among adults with mental health problems. Methods We searched six databases and reference lists for longitudinal quantitative studies that examined the relationship between baseline measures of loneliness and poor perceived social support and outcomes at follow up. Thirty-four eligible papers were retrieved. Due to heterogeneity among included studies in clinical populations, predictor measures and outcomes, a narrative synthesis was conducted. Results We found substantial evidence from prospective studies that people with depression who perceive their social support as poorer have worse outcomes in terms of symptoms, recovery and social functioning. Loneliness has been investigated much less than perceived social support, but there is some evidence that greater loneliness predicts poorer depression outcome. There is also some preliminary evidence of associations between perceived social support and outcomes in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders. Conclusions Loneliness and quality of social support in depression are potential targets for development and testing of interventions, while for other conditions further evidence is needed regarding relationships with outcomes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12888-018-1736-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Social isolation, loneliness and health in old age: a scoping review.

Emilie Courtin, Martin Knapp (2017)

The health and well-being consequences of social isolation and loneliness in old age are increasingly being recognised. The purpose of this scoping review was to take stock of the available evidence and to highlight gaps and areas for future research. We searched nine databases for empirical papers investigating the impact of social isolation and/or loneliness on a range of health outcomes in old age. Our search, conducted between July and September 2013 yielded 11,736 articles, of which 128 items from 15 countries were included in the scoping review. Papers were reviewed, with a focus on the definitions and measurements of the two concepts, associations and causal mechanisms, differences across population groups and interventions. The evidence is largely US-focused, and loneliness is more researched than social isolation. A recent trend is the investigation of the comparative effects of social isolation and loneliness. Depression and cardiovascular health are the most often researched outcomes, followed by well-being. Almost all (but two) studies found a detrimental effect of isolation or loneliness on health. However, causal links and mechanisms are difficult to demonstrate, and further investigation is warranted. We found a paucity of research focusing on at-risk sub-groups and in the area of interventions. Future research should aim to better link the evidence on the risk factors for loneliness and social isolation and the evidence on their impact on health.

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Perceived social isolation makes me sad: 5-year cross-lagged analyses of loneliness and depressive symptomatology in the Chicago Health, Aging, and Social Relations Study.

John T. Cacioppo, Louise C. Hawkley, Ronald A. Thisted (2010)

We present evidence from a 5-year longitudinal study for the prospective associations between loneliness and depressive symptoms in a population-based, ethnically diverse sample of 229 men and women who were 50-68 years old at study onset. Cross-lagged panel models were used in which the criterion variables were loneliness and depressive symptoms, considered simultaneously. We used variations on this model to evaluate the possible effects of gender, ethnicity, education, physical functioning, medications, social network size, neuroticism, stressful life events, perceived stress, and social support on the observed associations between loneliness and depressive symptoms. Cross-lagged analyses indicated that loneliness predicted subsequent changes in depressive symptomatology, but not vice versa, and that this temporal association was not attributable to demographic variables, objective social isolation, dispositional negativity, stress, or social support. The importance of distinguishing between loneliness and depressive symptoms and the implications for loneliness and depressive symptomatology in older adults are discussed. (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved

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Journal

Journal ID (publisher-id): geroko

Title: Gerokomos

Abbreviated Title: Gerokomos

Publisher: Sociedad Española de Enfermería Geriátrica y gerontológica (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )

ISSN (Print): 1134-928X

Publication date (Print and electronic): 2021

Volume: 32

Issue: 1

Pages: 22-25

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[2] Jaén Andalucía orgnameUniversidad de Jaén Spain

[1] orgnameSistema Andaluz de Salud España

Article

Publisher ID: S1134-928X2021000100022 Publisher ID: S1134-928X(21)03200100022

DOI: 10.4321/S1134-928X2021000100006

SO-VID: c3caf3ac-3282-49cb-aa39-c40dd4ce2e7d

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

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Date accepted : 30 September 2019

Date received : 30 July 2019

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Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 4

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Efectos de la soledad en la salud de las personas mayores Translated title: Effects of loneliness on the health of the elderly

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Most cited references 38

Associations between loneliness and perceived social support and outcomes of mental health problems: a systematic review

Social isolation, loneliness and health in old age: a scoping review.

Perceived social isolation makes me sad: 5-year cross-lagged analyses of loneliness and depressive symptomatology in the Chicago Health, Aging, and Social Relations Study.

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