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      Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Poor Sleep During Different Trimesters of Pregnancy Among Women in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

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          Abstract

          Background

          The management of poor sleep during pregnancy is important for maternal and foetal health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of poor sleep quality and risk factors for poor sleep during different trimesters of pregnancy for better management of sleep during pregnancy.

          Methods

          A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women in Foshan Women’s and Children’s Hospital. In total, 2281 pregnant women were analysed, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality. Cluster logistic regression was used to analyse the risk factors for poor sleep among all participants, and logistic regression models were built to identify potential risk factors for poor sleep quality in different trimesters of pregnancy.

          Results

          Over half of the participants reported poor sleep quality (51.8%). The rate of poor sleep was lowest in the second trimester. Women who were unmarried had >12 years of education, exercised <3 days/week, were in the third trimester, had a high level of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP) and had a history of infertility had a higher risk of poor sleep. Pregnancy-related factors contributed most to poor sleep. In the first trimester, the main risk factors for poor sleep were a history of infertility and a high level of NVP. In the second trimester, only a high level of NVP was a risk factor for poor sleep. In the last trimester, the risk factors for poor sleep were more education years, exercise <3 days/week and high levels of NVP.

          Conclusion

          The prevalence and risk factors for poor sleep were different in different trimesters. Clinicians should screen and address poor sleep prior to the first and, especially, the third trimester of pregnancy. Management of poor sleep should be consistent throughout pregnancy and be adjusted in different trimesters.

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          Most cited references31

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          The Pittsburgh sleep quality index: A new instrument for psychiatric practice and research

          Despite the prevalence of sleep complaints among psychiatric patients, few questionnaires have been specifically designed to measure sleep quality in clinical populations. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) is a self-rated questionnaire which assesses sleep quality and disturbances over a 1-month time interval. Nineteen individual items generate seven "component" scores: subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbances, use of sleeping medication, and daytime dysfunction. The sum of scores for these seven components yields one global score. Clinical and clinimetric properties of the PSQI were assessed over an 18-month period with "good" sleepers (healthy subjects, n = 52) and "poor" sleepers (depressed patients, n = 54; sleep-disorder patients, n = 62). Acceptable measures of internal homogeneity, consistency (test-retest reliability), and validity were obtained. A global PSQI score greater than 5 yielded a diagnostic sensitivity of 89.6% and specificity of 86.5% (kappa = 0.75, p less than 0.001) in distinguishing good and poor sleepers. The clinimetric and clinical properties of the PSQI suggest its utility both in psychiatric clinical practice and research activities.
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            The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease

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              Sleep patterns and sleep disturbances across pregnancy.

              This study sought to characterize sleep patterns and sleep problems in a large sample of women across all months of pregnancy.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Nat Sci Sleep
                Nat Sci Sleep
                nss
                nss
                Nature and Science of Sleep
                Dove
                1179-1608
                17 June 2021
                2021
                : 13
                : 811-820
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Foshan Institute of Fetal Medicine, Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University , Foshan, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
                [2 ]Department of Obstetrics, Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University , Foshan, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Zhengping Liu; Qitao Huang Department of Obstetrics, Foshan Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University , No. 11 Renminxi Road, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 0757 82960793; +86 15920454515 Email liuzphlk81@outlook.com; 15920454515@163.com
                [*]

                These authors contributed equally to this work

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2773-9166
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2017-5353
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5423-0619
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4964-0258
                Article
                303763
                10.2147/NSS.S303763
                8216751
                34168511
                c3fa6b52-9c70-46ba-af78-57e130d7596f
                © 2021 Zhang et al.

                This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

                History
                : 17 February 2021
                : 31 May 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 7, References: 31, Pages: 10
                Funding
                Funded by: no funding;
                There is no funding for the study.
                Categories
                Original Research

                prevalence,risk factors,poor sleep,trimesters of pregnancy

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