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      Post-annealing of MAPbI3 perovskite films with methylamine for efficient perovskite solar cells

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          Abstract

          Post-annealing of MAPbI 3 perovskite films with methylamine improves both efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.

          Abstract

          An organo-metal halide perovskite is a promising material for solar cell applications, but the polycrystalline nature of perovskites can cause thin films to be non-uniform with disconnected grains. These grain boundaries make the perovskite film vulnerable to the local chemical environment, or allow unwanted direct contact of the electron transporting layer and the hole transporting layer, increasing carrier recombination. We show that post-annealing with methylamine greatly reduces impurities at perovskite grain boundaries and promotes continuity between adjacent grains. When methylamine post-annealed perovskite films are compared to thermally or solvent-annealed films, the carrier lifetime is increased by 3 times. The recombination resistance for the planar perovskite solar cells with the methylamine post-annealing treatment is increased more than 10 times, and the efficiency is increased by 43.1% and 20.0% with respect to the thermally annealed and solvent-annealed perovskite solar cells, respectively. In addition, we show that methylamine post-annealed, meso-structured perovskite solar cells exhibited a power conversion efficiency of up to 18.4%, with significantly improved stability.

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          Efficient and stable large-area perovskite solar cells with inorganic charge extraction layers.

          W Chen, Y. Wu, Y. Yue … (2015)
          The recent dramatic rise in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has triggered intense research worldwide. However, high PCE values have often been reached with poor stability at an illuminated area of typically less than 0.1 square centimeter. We used heavily doped inorganic charge extraction layers in planar PSCs to achieve very rapid carrier extraction, even with 10- to 20-nanometer-thick layers, avoiding pinholes and eliminating local structural defects over large areas. The robust inorganic nature of the layers allowed for the fabrication of PSCs with an aperture area >1 square centimeter that have a PCE >15%, as certified by an accredited photovoltaic calibration laboratory. Hysteresis in the current-voltage characteristics was eliminated; the PSCs were stable, with >90% of the initial PCE remaining after 1000 hours of light soaking.
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            Highly Reproducible Perovskite Solar Cells with Average Efficiency of 18.3% and Best Efficiency of 19.7% Fabricated via Lewis Base Adduct of Lead(II) Iodide.

            Namyoung Ahn, Dae-Yong Son, In-Hyuk Jang … (2015)
            High efficiency perovskite solar cells were fabricated reproducibly via Lewis base adduct of lead(II) iodide. PbI2 was dissolved in N,N-dimethyformamide with equimolar N,N-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and CH3NH3I. Stretching vibration of S═O appeared at 1045 cm(-1) for bare DMSO, which was shifted to 1020 and 1015 cm(-1) upon reacting DMSO with PbI2 and PbI2 + CH3NH3I, respectively, indicative of forming the adduct of PbI2·DMSO and CH3NH3I·PbI2·DMSO due to interaction between Lewis base DMSO and/or iodide (I(-)) and Lewis acid PbI2. Spin-coating of a DMF solution containing PbI2, CH3NH3I, and DMSO (1:1:1 mol %) formed a transparent adduct film, which was converted to a dark brown film upon heating at low temperature of 65 °C for 1 min due to removal of the volatile DMSO from the adduct. The adduct-induced CH3NH3PbI3 exhibited high charge extraction characteristics with hole mobility as high as 3.9 × 10(-3) cm(2)/(V s) and slow recombination rate. Average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.3% was achieved from 41 cells and the best PCE of 19.7% was attained via adduct approach.
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              A fast deposition-crystallization procedure for highly efficient lead iodide perovskite thin-film solar cells.

              Manda Xiao, Fuzhi Huang, Wenchao Huang … (2014)
              Thin-film photovoltaics based on alkylammonium lead iodide perovskite light absorbers have recently emerged as a promising low-cost solar energy harvesting technology. To date, the perovskite layer in these efficient solar cells has generally been fabricated by either vapor deposition or a two-step sequential deposition process. We report that flat, uniform thin films of this material can be deposited by a one-step, solvent-induced, fast crystallization method involving spin-coating of a DMF solution of CH3NH3PbI3 followed immediately by exposure to chlorobenzene to induce crystallization. Analysis of the devices and films revealed that the perovskite films consist of large crystalline grains with sizes up to microns. Planar heterojunction solar cells constructed with these solution-processed thin films yielded an average power conversion efficiency of 13.9±0.7% and a steady state efficiency of 13% under standard AM 1.5 conditions.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): MHAOAL
                Title: Materials Horizons
                Abbreviated Title: Mater. Horiz.
                Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                ISSN (Print): 2051-6347
                ISSN (Electronic): 2051-6355
                Publication date Created: 2016
                Publication date (Electronic): 2016
                Volume: 3
                Issue: 6
                Pages: 548-555
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Energy Materials and Surface Sciences Unit (EMSS)
                [2 ]Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST)
                [3 ]Okinawa 904-0495
                [4 ]Japan
                [5 ]CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology
                [6 ]Institute of Chemistry
                [7 ]Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)
                [8 ]Beijing 100190
                [9 ]P. R. China
                Article
                DOI: 10.1039/C6MH00160B
                SO-VID: c4375a87-6198-4117-b381-48a9e90c0c47
                Copyright © © 2016
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