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      Neurotoxicity of Valacyclovir in Peritoneal Dialysis: A Pharmacokinetic Study

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          Abstract

          Valacyclovir is an effective oral agent for the treatment of herpes virus infection, however, the pharmacokinetics of the drug are altered in renal failure. It is increasingly recognized that dose adjustment of oral valacyclovir in renal failure is necessary to avoid neurotoxicity. We studied this drug in a continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and immunocompromised patient. She developed neurotoxicity with an adjustment dosage of valacyclovir for a cutaneous zoster infection. The elimination half-time (15 h) was similar to that reported for end-stage renal disease patients, while the steady-state volume of distribution (85 l) and the area under the curve concentration (127 mg/l·h) were greater. The mean CAPD dialysance was only 5.27 ml/min with less than 1% of an administered dose being recovered in the 24-hour dialysate. 48 h after interrupting treatment, she recovered normal neurological status and 500 mg of valacyclovir every 2 days was effective and well tolerated.

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          Most cited references1

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          Neurotoxicity caused by valacyclovir in a patient on hemodialysis.

          The authors report toxicity caused by valacyclovir in a patient on hemodialysis. After initial recuperation resulting from treatment with hemodialysis, the patient experienced a relapse of neurologic symptoms, again necessitating hemodialysis. Although acyclovir and its analogues are generally safe drugs, they should be used with caution in patients with end-stage renal disease. Therapeutic drug monitoring may be indicated.
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            Author and article information

            Journal
            AJN
            Am J Nephrol
            10.1159/issn.0250-8095
            American Journal of Nephrology
            S. Karger AG
            0250-8095
            1421-9670
            2001
            April 2001
            07 May 2001
            : 21
            : 2
            : 162-164
            Affiliations
            Departments of aNephrology, and bPharmacology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
            Article
            46241 Am J Nephrol 2001;21:162–164
            10.1159/000046241
            11359026
            c451abda-1d2c-4894-b1e6-b803c3a103ba
            © 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel

            Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

            History
            Page count
            Tables: 1, References: 11, Pages: 3
            Categories
            Case Report

            Cardiovascular Medicine,Nephrology
            Valacyclovir, neurotoxicity,Valacyclovir, pharmacokinetics,Peritoneal dialysis

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