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      Valoración de la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en estudiantes universitarios de Ciencias de la Salud y su relación con el nivel de actividad física Translated title: Assessment of adherence to the Mediterranean diet in university Health Sciences students and its relationship with level of physical activity

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: valorar el grado de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y la práctica de actividad física en estudiantes universitarios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla-La Mancha. Método: estudio observacional transversal mediante encuesta alimentaria y de actividad física. La muestra contó con 575 estudiantes universitarios (77,7 % de mujeres). Se desarrolló una encuesta de recogida de datos inicial mediante la plataforma Google Forms (https://www.google.com/forms/about/). La adherencia a la dieta mediterránea se valoró con el cuestionario Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) y el cuestionario PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea (PREDIMED), modificado. Para medir la actividad física se utilizó el cuestionario Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity Scale (RAPA), que valora la actividad física desempeñada. Resultados: se encontró en los estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud una adherencia a la dieta mediterránea del 58,3 %, siendo la adherencia media del 38,6 % y la mala adherencia del 5,0 %, observándose un bajo consumo de frutas sin diferencias de sexo, un alto consumo de carne roja o procesada y de mantequillas o natas, con diferencias significativas entre mujeres y hombres. También hay un consumo alto de bebidas carbonatadas (más frecuente en mujeres). Asimismo, un porcentaje alto de estudiantes (22,5 % del total) no hace prácticamente ninguna actividad física. En cuanto al ejercicio físico, siempre es mayor entre los hombres, con diferencias significativas (p > 0,05). Conclusión: este estudio sugiere que la muestra de estudiantes universitarios de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla-La Mancha presenta una aceptable adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y unos niveles de actividad física insuficientes.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objective: to assess the degree of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the practice of physical activity in university Health Sciences students in Castile-La Mancha. Methods: this was a cross-sectional, observational study by means of a dietary and physical activity survey. The sample consisted of 575 university students (77.7 % women). An initial data collection survey was developed using the Google Forms platform (https://www.google.com/forms/about/). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed with the Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) questionnaire and the modified Prevention with Mediterranean Diet (PREDIMED) questionnaire. The Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity Scale (RAPA) questionnaire was used to measure physical activity. Results: we found a 58.3 % adherence to Mediterranean diet among Health Sciences students, with 38.6 % of average adherence, and 5.0 % of poor adherence, with a low consumption of fruits with no gender differences, and a high consumption of red or processed meat and butter or cream with significant differences between women and men. There is also a high consumption of carbonated beverages (more frequent in women). Likewise, a high percentage of students (22.5 %) do practically no physical activity. As for physical exercise, it is always higher in men, with significant differences (p > 0.05). Conclusion: this study suggests that the sample of university Health Sciences students in Castile-La Mancha shows an acceptable adherence to the Mediterranean diet and insufficient levels of physical activity.

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          Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

          Circulation, 135(10)
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            A short screener is valid for assessing Mediterranean diet adherence among older Spanish men and women.

            Ensuring the accuracy of dietary assessment instruments is paramount for interpreting diet-disease relationships. The present study assessed the relative and construct validity of the 14-point Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS) used in the Prevención con Dieta Mediterránea (PREDIMED) study, a primary prevention nutrition-intervention trial. A validated FFQ and the MEDAS were administered to 7146 participants of the PREDIMED study. The MEDAS-derived PREDIMED score correlated significantly with the corresponding FFQ PREDIMED score (r = 0.52; intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.51) and in the anticipated directions with the dietary intakes reported on the FFQ. Using Bland Altman's analysis, the average MEDAS Mediterranean diet score estimate was 105% of the FFQ PREDIMED score estimate. Limits of agreement ranged between 57 and 153%. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that a higher PREDIMED score related directly (P < 0.001) to HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and inversely (P < 0.038) to BMI, waist circumference, TG, the TG:HDL-C ratio, fasting glucose, and the cholesterol:HDL-C ratio. The 10-y estimated coronary artery disease risk decreased as the PREDIMED score increased (P < 0.001). The MEDAS is a valid instrument for rapid estimation of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and may be useful in clinical practice.
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              The Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) Among Older Adults

              Introduction The Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) was developed to provide an easily administered and interpreted means of assessing levels of physical activity among adults older than 50 years. Methods A systematic review of the literature, a survey of geriatricians, focus groups, and cognitive debriefings with older adults were conducted, and an expert panel was convened. From these procedures, a nine-item questionnaire assessing strength, flexibility, and level and intensity of physical activity was developed. Among a cohort of 115 older adults (mean age, 73.3 years; age range, 51–92 years), half of whom were regular exercisers (55%), the screening performance of three short self-report physical activity questionnaires — the RAPA, the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) physical activity questions, and the Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise (PACE) — was compared with the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) as the criterion. Results Compared with the BRFSS and the PACE, the RAPA was more positively correlated with the CHAMPS moderate caloric expenditure (r = 0.54 for RAPA, r = 0.40 for BRFSS, and r = 0.44 for PACE) and showed as good or better sensitivity (81%), positive predictive value (77%), and negative predictive value (75%) as the other tools. Specificity, sensitivity, and positive predictive value of the questions on flexibility and strength training were in the 80% range, except for specificity of flexibility questions (62%). Mean caloric expenditure per week calculated from the CHAMPS was compared between those who did and those who did not meet minimum recommendations for moderate or vigorous physical activity based on these self-report questionnaires. The RAPA outperformed the PACE and the BRFSS. Conclusion The RAPA is an easy-to-use, valid measure of physical activity for use in clinical practice with older adults.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                August 2021
                : 38
                : 4
                : 814-820
                Affiliations
                [2] Madrid orgnameFundación para el Fomento de la Salud Spain
                [1] Albacete orgnameUniversidad de Castilla-La Mancha Spain
                [4] Murcia Murcia orgnameUniversidad de Murcia Spain
                [3] Alicante orgnameUniversidad Miguel Hernández Spain
                Article
                S0212-16112021000400814 S0212-1611(21)03800400814
                10.20960/nh.03531
                c4626ac9-0f3f-4966-aec3-be8a2e294125

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 April 2021
                : 22 January 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Trabajos Originales

                Actividad física,Mediterranean diet,University students,Health sciences,Dieta mediterránea,Estudiantes universitarios,Ciencias de la Salud,Physical activity

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