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      Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Detection of Clostridium perfringens DNA Based Morphology-Dependent DNA Adsorption Properties of CeO 2 Nanorods in Dairy Products

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          Abstract

          Foodborne pathogens such as Clostridium perfringens can cause diverse illnesses and seriously threaten to human health, yet far less attention has been given to detecting these pathogenic bacteria. Herein, two morphologies of nanoceria were synthesized via adjusting the concentration of NaOH, and CeO 2 nanorod has been utilized as sensing material to achieve sensitive and selective detection of C. perfringens DNA sequence due to its strong adsorption ability towards DNA compared to nanoparticle. The DNA probe was tightly immobilized on CeO 2/chitosan modified electrode surface via metal coordination, and the DNA surface density was 2.51 × 10 −10 mol/cm 2. Under optimal experimental conditions, the electrochemical impedance biosensor displays favorable selectivity toward target DNA in comparison with base-mismatched and non-complementary DNA. The dynamic linear range of the proposed biosensor for detecting oligonucleotide sequence of Clostridium perfringens was from 1.0 × 10 −14 to 1.0 × 10 −7 mol/L. The detection limit was 7.06 × 10 −15 mol/L. In comparison, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method quantified the target DNA with a detection limit of 1.95 × 10 −15 mol/L. Moreover, the DNA biosensor could detect C. perfringens extracted DNA in dairy products and provided a potential application in food quality control.

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          Shape-selective synthesis and oxygen storage behavior of ceria nanopolyhedra, nanorods, and nanocubes.

          Hao-Xin Mai, Ling-Dong Sun, Ya-Wen Zhang … (2005)
          Single-crystalline and uniform nanopolyhedra, nanorods, and nanocubes of cubic CeO2 were selectively prepared by a hydrothermal method at temperatures in the range of 100-180 degrees C under different NaOH concentrations, using Ce(NO3)3 as the cerium source. According to high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, they have different exposed crystal planes: {111} and {100} for polyhedra, {110} and {100} for rods, and {100} for cubes. During the synthesis, the formation of hexagonal Ce(OH)3 intermediate species and their transformation into CeO2 at elevated temperature, together with the base concentration, have been demonstrated as the key factors responsible for the shape evolution. Oxygen storage capacity (OSC) measurements at 400 degrees C revealed that the oxygen storage takes place both at the surface and in the bulk for the as-obtained CeO2 nanorods and nanocubes, but is restricted at the surface for the nanopolyhedra just like the bulk one, because the {100}/{110}-dominated surface structures are more reactive for CO oxidation than the {111}-dominated one. This result suggests that high OSC materials might be designed and obtained by shape-selective synthetic strategy.
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            The role of cerium redox state in the SOD mimetic activity of nanoceria.

            Eric Heckert, Ajay Karakoti, Sudipta Seal … (2008)
            Cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) have recently been shown to protect cells against oxidative stress in both cell culture and animal models. Nanoceria has been shown to exhibit superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity using a ferricytochrome C assay, and this mimetic activity that has been postulated to be responsible for cellular protection by nanoceria. The nature of nanoceria's antioxidant properties, specifically what physical characteristics make nanoceria effective at scavenging superoxide anion, is poorly understood. In this study electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis confirms the reactivity of nanoceria as an SOD mimetic. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-visible analyses of nanoceria treated with hydrogen peroxide demonstrate that a decrease in the Ce 3(+)/4(+) ratio correlates directly with a loss of SOD mimetic activity. These results strongly suggest that the surface oxidation state of nanoceria plays an integral role in the SOD mimetic activity of nanoceria and that ability of nanoceria to scavenge superoxide is directly related to cerium(III) concentrations at the surface of the particle.
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              Adsorption of DNA onto gold nanoparticles and graphene oxide: surface science and applications.

              Juewen Liu (2012)
              The interaction between DNA and inorganic surfaces has attracted intense research interest, as a detailed understanding of adsorption and desorption is required for DNA microarray optimization, biosensor development, and nanoparticle functionalization. One of the most commonly studied surfaces is gold due to its unique optical and electric properties. Through various surface science tools, it was found that thiolated DNA can interact with gold not only via the thiol group but also through the DNA bases. Most of the previous work has been performed with planar gold surfaces. However, knowledge gained from planar gold may not be directly applicable to gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for several reasons. First, DNA adsorption affinity is a function of AuNP size. Second, DNA may interact with AuNPs differently due to the high curvature. Finally, the colloidal stability of AuNPs confines salt concentration, whereas there is no such limit for planar gold. In addition to gold, graphene oxide (GO) has emerged as a new material for interfacing with DNA. GO and AuNPs share many similar properties for DNA adsorption; both have negatively charged surfaces but can still strongly adsorb DNA, and both are excellent fluorescence quenchers. Similar analytical and biomedical applications have been demonstrated with these two surfaces. The nature of the attractive force however, is different for each of these. DNA adsorption on AuNPs occurs via specific chemical interactions but adsorption on GO occurs via aromatic stacking and hydrophobic interactions. Herein, we summarize the recent developments in studying non-thiolated DNA adsorption and desorption as a function of salt, pH, temperature and DNA secondary structures. Potential future directions and applications are also discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Sensors (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Sensors (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): sensors
                Title: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 1424-8220
                Publication date (Electronic): 08 June 2018
                Publication date Collection: June 2018
                Volume: 18
                Issue: 6
                Electronic Location Identifier: 1878
                Affiliations
                [1 ]School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; qianxc@ 123456ynu.edu.cn (X.Q.); ranzhiyong0917@ 123456163.com (X.R.); 18787593208@ 123456139.com (L.Z.)
                [2 ]Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
                [3 ]Sino-Pipeline International Company Limited, Beijing 100000, China; 18487247769@ 123456139.com (R.H.); wang18782971185@ 123456163.com (Q.W.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: quqing@ 123456ynu.edu.cn (Q.Q.); leelei@ 123456ynu.edu.cn (L.L.)
                Article
                Publisher ID: sensors-18-01878
                DOI: 10.3390/s18061878
                PMC ID: 6022109
                PubMed ID: 29890646
                SO-VID: c4657aa6-aeef-4c74-89e3-5bd90e710283
                Copyright © © 2018 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 21 May 2018
                Date accepted : 06 June 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biomedical engineering
                Keywords: label-free,ceo2 nanorods,electrochemical dna biosensor,clostridium perfringens
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Biomedical engineering
                Keywords: label-free, ceo2 nanorods, electrochemical dna biosensor, clostridium perfringens

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