Electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions in water

Author(s): Qi Ding ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Chen Li ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Haijun Wang ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Chuanlai Xu ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵ , Hua Kuang ¹ ^, ² ^, ³ ^, ⁴ ^, ⁵

Publication date (Electronic): 2021

Journal: Chemical Communications

Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)

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Abstract

Electrochemical sensors demonstrate outstanding performance at detecting heavy metal ions, with a high specific surface area and high sensitivity which can excellently complete the on-site detection of trace heavy metal ions in water.

Abstract

Heavy metal ions are one of the main sources of water pollution. Most heavy metal ions are carcinogens that pose a threat to both ecological balance and human health. With the increasing demand for heavy metal detection, electrochemical detection is favorable due to its high sensitivity and efficiency. Here, after discussing the pollution sources and toxicities of Hg( ii), Cd( ii), As( iii), Pb( ii), UO ₂( ii), Tl( i), Cr( vi), Ag( i), and Cu( ii), we review a variety of recent electrochemical methods for detecting heavy metal ions. Compared with traditional methods, electrochemical methods are portable, fast, and cost-effective, and they can be adapted to various on-site inspection sites. Our review shows that the electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions is a very promising strategy that has attracted widespread attention and can be applied in agriculture, life science, clinical diagnosis, and analysis.

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A review on various electrochemical techniques for heavy metal ions detection with different sensing platforms.

BabanKumar Bansod, Tejinder Kumar, Ritula Thakur … (2017)

Heavy metal ions are non-biodegradable and contaminate most of the natural resources occurring in the environment including water. Some of the heavy metals including Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Arsenic (As), Chromium (Cr) and Cadmium (Cd) are considered to be highly toxic and hazardous to human health even at trace levels. This leads to the requirement of fast, accurate and reliable techniques for the detection of heavy metal ions. This review presents various electrochemical detection techniques for heavy metal ions those are user friendly, low cost, provides on-site and real time monitoring as compared to other spectroscopic and optical techniques. The categorization of different electrochemical techniques is done on the basis of different types of detection signals generated due to presence of heavy metal ions in the solution matrix like current, potential, conductivity, electrochemical impedance, and electrochemiluminescence. Also, the recent trends in electrochemical detection of heavy metal ions with various types of sensing platforms including metals, metal films, metal oxides, nanomaterials, carbon nano tubes, polymers, microspheres and biomaterials have been evoked.