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      Prevalencia de trastornos mentales y uso de servicios: resultados preliminares del Estudio nacional de salud mental. Colombia, 2003 Translated title: Prevalence of Mental Disorders and use of Services: Preliminary Results from of the National Study of Mental Health, Colombia, 2003

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          Abstract

          Este estudio forma parte de la Encuesta mundial de salud mental (EMSM), de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y describe la prevalencia de trastornos mentales, las variaciones en la distribución geográfica de los trastornos, los correlatos sociodemográficos y la utilización de servicios en la población urbana adulta. El Estudio nacional de salud mental Colombia 2003 (ENSM) se basa en un diseño probabilístico, multietápico y estratificado para cinco regiones del país, cuya población blanco fue la población no institucionalizada, que tiene un hogar fijo, de 18 a 65 años de edad y que vive en áreas urbanas. La tasa de respuesta ponderada fue de 87,7%. El instrumento utilizado es la versión computarizada de la Entrevista diagnóstica internacional compuesta (versión certificada 15), que proporciona diagnósticos de acuerdo con el DSMIV y la CIE-10. Alrededor del 56% de la muestra fueron mujeres, el 37% tenían entre 18 y 29 años, de las cuales el 26% reportó únicamente estudios primarios y el 45%, estudios secundarios. El 40,1% de la población reportó haber tenido alguna vez en su vida uno o más de los 23 trastornos basados en el DSM-IV, el 16,0% de la muestra evidenció trastornos mentales en los últimos doce meses y el 7,4% presentó alguno en los últimos treinta días. Los trastornos más frecuentemente reportados alguna vez en la vida fueron los de ansiedad (19,3%), seguido por los trastornos del estado de ánimo (15,0%) y los trastornos por uso de sustancias (10,6%). El 4,9% de la población estudiada ha intentado suicidarse alguna vez en la vida y el 1,3% lo ha intentado en los últimos treinta días. Sólo una de cada diez personas con un trastorno mental y sólo una de cada cinco con dos o más trastornos mentales dijo recibir servicios de cualquier tipo en el último año. Esto representa un reto para el sistema de salud y demuestra la necesidad de enfocar atención y recursos hacia el tratamiento oportuno de enfermedades mentales.

          Translated abstract

          This study comprises part of the World Mental Health Survey (WMH) of the World Health Organization (WHO) and describes the prevalence of mental disorders, variations in the geographic distribution of disorders, the sociodemographic correlates and the utilization of services in the adult urban population. The Estudio Nacional de Salud Mental Colombia 2003 (ENSM) is based on a probabilistic, multistage and stratified sampling design within 5 regions of Colombia. The target population was urban non-institutionalized inhabitants of permanent dwellings, between the ages of 18 to 65 years. The response rate was 87.7%. The instrument used for this study was a computerized version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) (registered version 15) that provides diagnoses in agreement with the Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV and the International Classification of Disease, edition 10. Fiftysix percent of the sample was female, 37% was between the ages of 18 and 29 years old, and 26% had only a primary education while 45% had secondary education. Lifetime prevalence rates were calculated at 40.1% for any of the 23 DSM-IV disorders included in the CIDI, 16% for the past 12 months, and 7.4% for the past 30 days. Anxiety disorders were most frequently reported (19.3% lifetime prevalence rates) followed by affective disorders (15.0%) and substance use disorders (10.6%). Lifetime rates for suicide attempts for the overall sample were calculated at 4.9% with 1.3% reported suicide attempts in the past 30 days. The data indicates that only one out of every 10 individuals with one mental disorder and only one out of every five with two or more mental disorders receives any type of treatment. This represents a challenge to the system of health care and demonstrates the need to focus our attention and resources toward the treatment of mental disorders.

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          Most cited references19

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          The global burden for disease: A comprehensive assessment of mortality and disability from diseases, injuries and risk factors in 1990 and projected to 2020

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            The world health report 2001 - Mental health: new understanding, new hope

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              Reliability and validity studies of the WHO--Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI): a critical review.

              This paper reviews reliability and validity studies of the WHO - Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). The CIDI is a comprehensive and fully standardized diagnostic interview designed for assessing mental disorders according to the definitions of the Diagnostic Criteria for Research of ICD-10 and DSM-III-R. The instrument contains 276 symptom questions many of which are coupled with probe questions to evaluate symptom severity, as well as questions for assessing help-seeking behavior, psychosocial impairments, and other episode-related questions. Although primarily intended for use in epidemiological studies of mental disorders, it is also being used extensively for clinical and other research purposes. The review documents the wide spread use of the instrument and discusses several test-retest and interrater reliability studies of the CIDI. Both types of studies have confirmed good to excellent Kappa coefficients for most diagnostic sections. In international multicenter studies as well as several smaller center studies the CIDI was judged to be acceptable for most subjects and was found to be appropriate for use in different kinds of settings and countries. There is however still a need for reliability studies in general population samples, the area the CIDI was primary intended for. Only a few selected aspects of validity have been examined so far, mostly in smaller selected clinical samples. The need for further procedural validity studies of the CIDI with clinical instruments such as the SCAN as well as cognitive validation studies is emphasized. The latter should focus on specific aspects, such as the use of standardized questions in the elderly, cognitive probes to improve recall of episodes and their timing, as well as the role of order effects in the presentation of diagnostic sections.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rcp
                Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría
                rev.colomb.psiquiatr.
                Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria. (Bogotá )
                0034-7450
                September 2004
                : 33
                : 3
                : 241-262
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca Colombia
                [2 ] EMSM
                [3 ] California State University USA
                Article
                S0034-74502004000300002
                c494d6ff-1160-44d0-aef9-4faa1e003ab5

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0034-7450&lng=en
                Categories
                PSYCHIATRY

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                prevalencia,Prevalence,epidemiology,mental disorders,Colombia,epidemiología,trastornos mentales

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