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      Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Brønnøysund in northern Norway.

      1 ,
      Ticks and tick-borne diseases
      Elsevier BV

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          Abstract

          Ticks are important vectors of disease for both humans and animals. In Europe, Lyme borreliosis is the most abundant tick-borne human disease, whereas anaplasmosis, or tick-borne fever, is the most widespread tick-borne infection in domestic animals. However, knowledge about the prevalence of the causative disease agents in questing ticks in the northern range of their distribution in Norway is missing. Ixodes ricinus ticks were therefore collected by flagging vegetation in Brønnøysund, an area near the Arctic Circle in Norway where ticks have been abundant for decades. Ticks were analysed for infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum by real-time PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene of B. burgdorferi and the msp2 gene of A. phagocytophilum. B. burgdorferi s.l. were subsequently genotyped by conducting a melt curve analysis of the PCR-amplified hbb gene or by directly sequencing the PCR-amplified rrs (16S)-rrl (23S) intergenetic spacer. A. phagocytophilum was genotyped by msp2 gene sequencing. B. burgdorferi s.l. isolates were detected in 11.3% (15/133) of the nymphal ticks and in 33.3% (29/87) of the adult ticks. Of the 44 Borrelia-infected ticks collected, B. afzelii was identified in 42 ticks (95.5%), whereas B. garinii was detected in only 2 ticks (4.5%). A. phagocytophilum was detected in 0.8% of nymphal ticks (1/133) and in 4.6% of adult ticks (4/87). Mixed infections of more than one B. burgdorferi genospecies were not observed. One adult tick was co-infected with B. afzelii and A. phagocytophilum.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Ticks Tick Borne Dis
          Ticks and tick-borne diseases
          Elsevier BV
          1877-9603
          1877-959X
          Apr 2013
          : 4
          : 3
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Pest Control, PO-Box 4404 Nydalen, NO-0403 Oslo, Norway. arnulf.soleng@fhi.no
          Article
          S1877-959X(12)00142-2
          10.1016/j.ttbdis.2012.11.006
          23333106
          c4a48bc3-369a-4ee4-936d-8ab4a1d7f65e
          Copyright © 2013 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
          History

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