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      Fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritoidea) infestation in citrus in the State of São Paulo, Brazil Translated title: Infestação de moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritoidea) em citros no estado de São Paulo

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          Abstract

          From February 1998 to May 2000, fruits of different citrus varieties and hybrids were collected in order to assess the fruit fly infestation levels and tephritoid/parasitoid complex in the state of São Paulo. A total of 12,239 fruits (1,416.93 kg) was collected in 25 municipalities. From all the samples 5,252 puparia and 3,039 adults of Tephritoidea were recovered. About 78.1% of all adults collected were Tephritidae [77.1% de Anastrepha sp. and 1.0% de Ceratitis capitata (Wied.)] and 21.9% were Lonchaeidae (Neosilba spp.). All females of Anastrepha were identified as A. fraterculus (Wied.). Adults of Braconidae, Diapriidae and Eucoilinae emerged from the citrus samples. Mean infestation indices were 0.4 puparium/ fruit and 3.70 puparia/kg of fruits. Sweet oranges were the most susceptible to Tephritoidea infestations when the number of puparia/fruit was considered. In isolated samples, 'Cravo mandarin' (Citrus reticulata) and sour orange (Citrus aurantium) showed the highest infestation indices (3.4 and 2.4 puparia/fruit, respectively). Some samples of 'Kunquat'' (Fortunella sp.) and 'Cravo' mandarin reached high levels of infestation (64.0 and 37.9 puparia/kg of fruits, respectively). The sweet oranges were the most susceptible to Tephritoidea infestations in the state of São Paulo. The parasitoid Opiinae D. areolatus was the most abundant braconid species.

          Translated abstract

          No período de fevereiro de 1998 a maio de 2000, frutos de diferentes variedades e híbridos de citros foram coletados para determinar os níveis de infestação e o complexo de espécies de Tephritoidea/parasitóides, nas condições do estado de São Paulo. O total de 12.239 frutos (1.416,93 kg) foi coletado em 25 municípios. Do total das amostras foram recuperados 5.252 pupários e 3.039 adultos de Tephritoidea. Aproximadamente 78,1% dos adultos foram Tephritidae [77,1% de Anastrepha sp. e 1,0% de Ceratitis capitata (Wied.)], e 21,9%, Lonchaeidae (Neosilba spp.). Todas as fêmeas de Anastrepha foram identificadas como A. fraterculus (Wied.). Adultos de Braconidae, Diapriidae e Eucoilinae emergiram das amostras de citros. Os índices médios de infestação foram 0,4 pupário/fruto e 3,7 pupários/ kg de frutos. As laranjas doces foram as variedades cítricas mais susceptíveis ao ataque de espécies de Tephritoidea, em número de pupários/fruto. Em amostras isoladas, 'Tangerina Cravo' (Citrus reticulata) e 'Laranja Azeda' (Citrus aurantium) apresentaram os maiores índices de infestação por fruto (3,4 e 2,4 pupários, respectivamente). Algumas amostras de 'Kunquat' (Fortunella sp.) e 'Tangerina Cravo' alcançaram níveis altos de infestação (64,0 e 37,9 pupários/kg de frutos, respectivamente). As laranjas doces são as variedades mais suscetíveis à infestação de Tephritoidea no estado de São Paulo. O parasitóide D. areolatus (Opiinae) foi o braconídeo mais freqüente durante o levantamento.

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          Most cited references23

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          Moscas-das-frutas de importância econômica no Brasil: conhecimento básico e aplicado.

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            Bioecología e controle da Mosca-das Frutas Sul-Americana

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              The fruitflies of the genus Anastrepha

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ne
                Neotropical Entomology
                Neotrop. entomol.
                Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil (Londrina )
                1678-8052
                February 2004
                : 33
                : 1
                : 85-89
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Instituto Biológico de São Paulo Brazil
                [2 ] Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade de São Paulo Brazil
                Article
                S1519-566X2004000100015
                10.1590/S1519-566X2004000100015
                c4b9002d-1109-4341-8051-2d91cbd0ddfd

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=1519-566X&lng=en
                Categories
                ENTOMOLOGY

                Entomology
                Insecta,Tephritidae,Lonchaeidae,infestation index,índice de infestação
                Entomology
                Insecta, Tephritidae, Lonchaeidae, infestation index, índice de infestação

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