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      Syndromes drépanocytaires majeurs et infections associées chez l ’enfant au Burkina Faso Translated title: Major sickle cell syndromes and infections associated with this condition in children in Burkina Faso

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          Le but de cette étude était d’étudier les infections chez les enfants présentant un syndrome drépanocytaire majeur.

          Méthodes

          Étude hospitalière monocentrique, rétrospective descriptive sur dix années menée à Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Étaient inclus tous les enfants porteurs d'un syndrome drépanocytaire majeur (homozygote SS et double hétérozygote SC, SD Punjab, Sβ thalassémique, SO Arab et SE) hospitalisés pour une infection bactérienne confirmée à la microbiologie.

          Résultats

          Cent trente trois patients répondaient à nos critères d’inclusion. Le phénotype SS représentait 63,2% des cas et le SC 36,8%. La fréquence des infections était de 21,8%. Celles-ci touchaient dans 45,9% des cas les enfants âgés de 0 à 5 ans. Les signes les plus fréquents étaient les douleurs ostéoarticulaires (42,1%), la toux (25,7%), les douleurs abdominales (23,3%), la pâleur (43,6%). Les broncho-pneumopathies (31,6%), le paludisme (16,5%), les ostéomyélites (12,8%) et les septicémies (10,5%) étaient les principaux diagnostics trouvés. Les agents pathogènes isolés étaient Streptococcus pneumoniae (35,5%) et Salmonella sp (33,3%). Les céphalosporines de 3e génération étaient les antibiotiques les plus fréquemment prescrits. Le taux brut de mortalité était de 7,5%.

          Conclusion

          Les infections bactériennes et le paludisme dominent le tableau des infections chez l'enfant drépanocytaire majeur au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles De Gaulle. Les auteurs recommandent la mise en place d’un programme national de prise en charge de la drépanocytose, ce qui permettrait de prévenir voire réduire la survenue des infections chez les enfants drépanocytaires.

          Translated abstract

          Introduction

          This study aims to investigate infections in children with major sickle cell syndrome.

          Methods

          We conducted a monocentric descriptive retrospective hospital study in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, over a ten-year period. All children with major sickle cell syndrome (homozygous SS and double heterozygous SC, SD Punjab, Sβ thalassemic, SO Arab and SE) hospitalized for microbiologically confirmed infections were enrolled in the study.

          Results

          One hundred and thirty-three patients met our inclusion criteria. The SS phenotype accounted for 63.2% of cases and SC 36.8%. The frequency of infections was 21.8%. In 45.9% of cases, these affected children aged 0-5 years. The most frequent signs were osteoarticular pain (42.1%), cough (25.7%), abdominal pain (23.3%), pallor (43.6%). The major diagnoses were bronchopneumonia (31.6%), malaria (16.5%), osteomyelitis (12.8%) and septicemia (10.5%). The isolated pathogenic organisms were Streptococcus pneumoniae (35.5%) and Salmonella spp (33.3%). Third generation cephalosporins were the most commonly prescribed antibiotics. Gros mortality rate was 7.5%.

          Conclusion

          Bacterial infections and malaria dominate the clinical picture of infections in children with major sickle cell syndrome at the at the Pediatrics University Hospital Center Charles De-Gaulle. This study highlights the importance of establishing a national program for the management of sickle-cell anemia, which could help prevent or reduce the occurrence of infections in children with sickle cell syndrome.

          Most cited references19

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          Urinary tract infection in febrile children with sickle cell anaemia in Ibadan, Nigeria.

          A prospective study to determine the prevalence of bacteriuria and bacterial isolates in the urine of febrile children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) was carried out at University College Hospital, Ibadan. Altogether, 171 febrile children (aged 1-15 years) with SCA and 171 age- and sex-matched controls were studied. After obtaining a history of the illness from the parents or guardians, each child was physically examined and a mid-stream urine specimen collected and subjected to microscopy and culture. The prevalence of bacteriuria in children with SCA was 21.6% compared with 15.8% in the controls. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species were the predominant isolates from the urine, accounting for 64.9% and 18.9%, respectively, of the isolates from the SCA group and 63% and 22.2%, respectively, in the controls. In the SCA group, significant bacteriuria also occurred with other conditions such as pneumonia and osteomyelitis. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in children with SCA. Routine screening for it is therefore recommended during febrile illnesses. Children with fever from other overt causes, however, should not be exempted from the urine screening procedure in case there might be concomitant UTI.
            • Record: found
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            Pattern of bacteraemia in febrile children with sickle cell anaemia.

            A total of 166 episodes of fever in 162 children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) aged between 6 months and 16 years who presented with rectal temperatures > or = 38.3 degrees C were studied for bacteraemia. Non-sicklers of similar ages and with similar temperatures were also studied as controls. Bacteraemia occurred in 32.5% (54) of children with SCA and in 26% (39) of controls. Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant organisms (70.4%) in SCA. The commonest organisms isolated were Salmonella (25.9%), Klebsiella (25.9%) and Staphylococcus aureus (22.2%). Gram-positive bacteria were the predominant organisms (51.3%) in controls, with Staphylococcus aureus accounting for 41% of all organisms isolated. In both groups, the incidence of bacteraemia decreased in children after the age of 10 years. Use of antibiotics prior to presentation in hospital was commoner among children with SCA (47.6%) than controls (14.7%). Antimicrobial agents were detected in the urine of 12 children with SCA and four controls whose parents denied prior antibiotic usage. The predominant organisms isolated were sensitive to gentamicin and 3rd-generation cephalosporins.
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              [Effects of age on causes of hospitalization in children suffering from sickle cell disease].

              The objective of this work was to assess the frequency the nature of complications and prognosis of the disease in children suffering from sickle cell disease. This retrospective study was conducted from January 2002 to December 2003 among 251 children suffering from sickle cell disease, hospitalized at the Brazzaville Teaching Hospital, Congo. The main hospitalization causes were dominated by the vaso-occlusive crisis (26.7%), anaemic crisis (20.3%) and infections (36.6%). The vaso-occlusive crisis were observed particularly in the 5 year-old children (p 0.05). In addition, the death causes were dominated by anaemic crisis. In conclusion, this study stresses on the need to implement a primary prevention as well as a secondary prevention adapted to age.

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pan Afr Med J
                Pan Afr Med J
                PAMJ
                The Pan African Medical Journal
                The African Field Epidemiology Network
                1937-8688
                04 January 2017
                2017
                : 26
                : 7
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
                [2 ]Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Université de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
                [3 ]Ministère de la Santé, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
                Author notes
                [& ]Corresponding author: Sonia Douamba, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Pédiatrique Charles de Gaulle, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
                Article
                PAMJ-26-7
                10.11604/pamj.2017.26.7.9971
                5398225
                28450986
                c4d09769-380b-477c-879a-418e22afc983
                © Douamba Sonia et al.

                The Pan African Medical Journal - ISSN 1937-8688. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 05 June 2016
                : 26 July 2016
                Categories
                Research

                Medicine
                syndrome drépanocytaire majeur,infections,enfant,ouagadougou,major sickle cell syndrome,child

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