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      Investigating The Growing Population of Massive Quiescent Galaxies at Cosmic Noon

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          Abstract

          We explore the buildup of quiescent galaxies using a sample of 28,469 massive (M⋆ ≥ 1011M⊙) galaxies at redshifts 1.5 < z < 3.0, drawn from a 17.5 deg2 area (0.33 Gpc3 comoving volume at these redshifts). This allows for a robust study of the quiescent fraction as a function of mass at 1.5 < z < 3.0 with a sample ∼40 times larger at log(M⋆/$\rm M_{\odot })\ge 11.5$ than previous studies. We derive the quiescent fraction using three methods: specific star-formation rate, distance from the main sequence, and UVJ color-color selection. All three methods give similar values at 1.5 < z < 2.0, however the results differ by up to a factor of two at 2.0 < z < 3.0. At redshifts 1.5 < z < 3.0 the quiescent fraction increases as a function of stellar mass. By z = 2, only 3.3 Gyr after the Big Bang, the universe has quenched ∼25% of M⋆ = 1011M⊙ galaxies and ∼45% of M⋆ = 1012M⊙ galaxies. We discuss physical mechanisms across a range of epochs and environments that could explain our results. We compare our results with predictions from hydrodynamical simulations SIMBA and IllustrisTNG and semi-analytic models (SAMs) SAG, SAGE, and Galacticus. The quiescent fraction from IllustrisTNG is higher than our empirical result by a factor of 2 − 5, while those from SIMBA and the three SAMs are lower by a factor of 1.5 − 10 at 1.5 < z < 3.0.

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          Author and article information

          Contributors
          Journal
          Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
          Oxford University Press (OUP)
          0035-8711
          1365-2966
          October 15 2020
          Affiliations
          [1 ]Department of Astronomy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
          [2 ]Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan 277-8583 (Kavli IPMU, WPI)
          [3 ]Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4242
          [4 ]George P. and Cynthia Woods Mitchell Institute for Fundamental Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
          [5 ]LSSTC Data Science Fellow
          [6 ]NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771
          [7 ]Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
          [8 ]Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
          [9 ]Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata (CCT La Plata, CONICET, UNLP), Observatorio Astronómico, Paseo del Bosque, B1900FWA La Plata, Argentina
          [10 ]Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Observatorio Astronómico, Paseo del Bosque, B1900FWA La Plata, Argentina
          [11 ]Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinar en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, Raúl Bitrán 1305, La Serena, Chile
          [12 ]Departamento de Física y Astronomía, Universidad de La Serena, Av. Juan Cisternas 1200 Norte, La Serena, Chile
          Article
          10.1093/mnras/staa3167
          c4e903b6-c5a5-4fd8-832d-32eaa9fd5d73
          © 2020

          https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model

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