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      Synthesis and Functions of Jasmonates in Maize

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          Abstract

          Of the over 600 oxylipins present in all plants, the phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) remains the best understood in terms of its biosynthesis, function and signaling. Much like their eicosanoid analogues in mammalian system, evidence is growing for the role of the other oxylipins in diverse physiological processes. JA serves as the model plant oxylipin species and regulates defense and development. For several decades, the biology of JA has been characterized in a few dicot species, yet the function of JA in monocots has only recently begun to be elucidated. In this work, the synthesis and function of JA in maize is presented from the perspective of oxylipin biology. The maize genes responsible for catalyzing the reactions in the JA biosynthesis are clarified and described. Recent studies into the function of JA in maize defense against insect herbivory, pathogens and its role in growth and development are highlighted. Additionally, a list of JA-responsive genes is presented for use as biological markers for improving future investigations into JA signaling in maize.

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          Most cited references149

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              Jasmonates: an update on biosynthesis, signal transduction and action in plant stress response, growth and development.

              Jasmonates are ubiquitously occurring lipid-derived compounds with signal functions in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses, as well as in plant growth and development. Jasmonic acid and its various metabolites are members of the oxylipin family. Many of them alter gene expression positively or negatively in a regulatory network with synergistic and antagonistic effects in relation to other plant hormones such as salicylate, auxin, ethylene and abscisic acid. This review summarizes biosynthesis and signal transduction of jasmonates with emphasis on new findings in relation to enzymes, their crystal structure, new compounds detected in the oxylipin and jasmonate families, and newly found functions. Crystal structure of enzymes in jasmonate biosynthesis, increasing number of jasmonate metabolites and newly identified components of the jasmonate signal-transduction pathway, including specifically acting transcription factors, have led to new insights into jasmonate action, but its receptor(s) is/are still missing, in contrast to all other plant hormones.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Plants (Basel)
                Plants (Basel)
                plants
                Plants
                MDPI
                2223-7747
                29 November 2016
                December 2016
                : 5
                : 4
                : 41
                Affiliations
                Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; eli.borrego@ 123456tamu.edu
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: kolomiets@ 123456tamu.edu ; Tel.: +1-979-458-4624
                Article
                plants-05-00041
                10.3390/plants5040041
                5198101
                27916835
                c4f9859d-9c1e-42e9-8c3d-26b31e42deb7
                © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

                This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 29 October 2016
                : 22 November 2016
                Categories
                Review

                jasmonic acid,maize,lipoxygenase,oxylipins,plant-insect interactions,plant-microbe interactions

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