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      La comprensión del discurso especializado escrito en ámbitos técnico-profesionales: ¿Aprendiendo a partir del texto? Translated title: Specialized written discourse comprehension in technical-professional domains: ¿Learning from text?

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          Abstract

          En esta investigación nos aproximamos al procesamiento cognitivo del discurso especializado escrito en tres áreas técnico-profesionales: marítima, industrial y comercial. Nos interesa indagar en la incidencia de algunas variables del texto escrito en la comprensión del discurso especializado por parte de un grupo de 234 sujetos de último año de educación secundaria profesional en la región de Valparaíso, Chile. De manera más específica, exploramos algunas relaciones entre el proceso de comprensión del discurso y un conjunto de textos escritos con contenidos disciplinares especializados, jerarquizados en virtud de ciertas estructuras textuales específicas y de determinadas configuraciones de haces de rasgos lingüísticos co-ocurrentes sistemáticamente y característicos de lo que llamamos Dimensión Foco Informacional (Parodi 2005a). Para ello, se diseñaron y aplicaron seis pruebas de comprensión a la muestra ya indicada. Los resultados indican que existe evidencia empírica significativa para sostener que ciertas estructuras lingüísticas que apunten a una prosa más densamente informacional inciden en el tipo y nivel de comprensión. Al mismo tiempo, se detecta que los rendimientos alcanzados en el manejo de inferencias globales y de aplicación de conocimientos muestran serios problemas en este grupo de alumnos.

          Translated abstract

          In this article we approach the cognitive processing of specialized written discourse in three areas of technical-professional education: maritime, industrial, commerce. We search into the influence of some text variables in reading specialized comprehension by a group of 234 students attending last year of secondary professional high schools, in Valparaíso, Chile. More specifically, we explore some relationships between the process of discourse comprehension and a group of written texts with specialized contents, hierarchically organized according to specific text structures and to dimensions of communicative linguistic features co-occurring systematically in the texts, identified upon of what we called Dimension Informational Focus (Parodi 2005a). To accomplish this, we designed and administered six comprehension texts to the group of students previously mentioned. Results show that there is enough empirical evidence to claim that some linguistic structures that identify informationally dense prose affect the kind and level of comprehension. At the same time, for the students under study, very low level achievement in comprehension was detected and global and transfer inferences shows to be the most problematic processes involved in reading, comprehending and learning from these texts.

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          Constructing inferences during narrative text comprehension.

          The authors describe a constructionist theory that accounts for the knowledge-based inferences that are constructed when readers comprehend narrative text. Readers potentially generate a rich variety of inferences when they construct a referential situation model of what the text is about. The proposed constructionist theory specifies that some, but not all, of this information is constructed under most conditions of comprehension. The distinctive assumptions of the constructionist theory embrace a principle of search (or effort) after meaning. According to this principle, readers attempt to construct a meaning representation that addresses the reader's goals, that is coherent at both local and global levels, and that explains why actions, events, and states are mentioned in the text. This study reviews empirical evidence that addresses this theory and contrasts it with alternative theoretical frameworks.
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            Situation models in language comprehension and memory.

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              Elite Discourse and Racism

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                signos
                Revista signos
                Rev. signos
                Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso. Instituto de Literatura y Ciencias del Lenguaje (Valparaíso, , Chile )
                0718-0934
                2005
                : 38
                : 58
                : 221-267
                Affiliations
                [01] Valparaíso orgnamePontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Chile gparodi@ 123456ucv.cl
                Article
                S0718-09342005000200005 S0718-0934(05)03805800005
                10.4067/S0718-09342005000200005
                c51c2747-b70d-4f13-9711-3132d40d1b44

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 20 April 2005
                : 17 August 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 71, Pages: 47
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS

                learning from text,technical-professional discourse,inferencial comprehension,Specialized discourse,aprender a partir del texto,discurso técnico-profesional,comprensión inferencial,Discurso especializado

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