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      La democracia local: entre el espejismo neotocquevillista y la globalización

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          Abstract

          Desde hace quince años aproximadamente, la literatura sobre la gobernanza y la democracia local se ha multiplicado. En un contexto de importantes transformaciones del Estado en las democracias occidentales y de desconfianza ostensible por parte de la sociedad civil hacia la esfera de lo político, se considera muy a menudo el nivel local como la matriz a partir de la cual es posible refundar el vínculo político en una agenda participativa y menos centrada en los personajes políticos. Este artículo tiene por objetivo evaluar "el impacto" de la democracia participativa en la transformación del orden político. Para ello se focaliza en el cuestionamiento aparente del carácter central de los representantes elegidos, sobre el alcance de las políticas de habilitación y sobre las transformaciones de la ciudadanía.

          Translated abstract

          Since the early nineties, the literature on governance and local government has grown exponentially. In a context of deep transformations of the State in Western democracies and an evident distrust of civil society towards the political sphere, the local dimension is considered the matrix from which it is possible to rebuild, with a smaller attention on political personages, a political bond centered on a participative agenda. The objective of this article is to evaluate the impact of participative democracy in the transformation of the political order. In doing so, it inquires on the central character of the elected representatives on the scope of policies and transformation of citizenship.

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          Bowling Alone : The Collapse and Revival of American Community

          Once we bowled in leagues, usually after work; but no longer. This seemingly small phenomenon symbolizes a significant social change that Robert Putnam has identified and describes in this brilliant volume, "Bowling Alone." <p> Drawing on vast new data from the Roper Social and Political Trends and the DDB Needham Life Style -- surveys that report in detail on Americans' changing behavior over the past twenty-five years -- Putnam shows how we have become increasingly disconnected from family, friends, neighbors, and social structures, whether the PTA, church, recreation clubs, political parties, or bowling leagues. Our shrinking access to the "social capital" that is the reward of communal activity and community sharing is a serious threat to our civic and personal health. <p> Putnam's groundbreaking work shows how social bonds are the most powerful predictor of life satisfaction. For example, he reports that getting married is the equivalent of quadrupling your income and attending a club meeting regularly is the equivalent of doubling your income. The loss of social capital is felt in critical ways: Communities with less social capital have lower educational performance and more teen pregnancy, child suicide, low birth weight, and prenatal mortality. Social capital is also a strong predictor of crime rates and other measures of neighborhood quality of life, as it is of our health: In quantitative terms, if you both smoke and belong to no groups, it's a close call as to which is the riskier behavior. <p> A hundred years ago, at the turn of the last century, America's stock of social capital was at an ebb, reduced by urbanization, industrialization, and vast immigration thatuprooted Americans from their friends, social institutions, and families, a situation similar to today's. Faced with this challenge, the country righted itself. Within a few decades, a range of organizations was created, from the Red Cross, Boy Scouts, and YWCA to Hadassah and the Knights of Columbus and the Urban League. With these and many more cooperative societies we rebuilt our social capital. <p> We can learn from the experience of those decades, Putnam writes, as we work to rebuild our eroded social capital. It won't happen without the concerted creativity and energy of Americans nationwide. <p> Like defining works from the past that have endured -- such as "The Lonely Crowd" and "The Affluent Society" -- and like C. Wright Mills, Richard Hofstadter, Betty Friedan, David Riesman, Jane Jacobs, Rachel Carson, and Theodore Roszak, Putnam has identified a central crisis at the heart of our society and suggests what we can do.
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            Risk Society : Towards a New Modernity

            This panoramic analysis of the condition of Western societies has been hailed as a classic. This first English edition has taken its place as a core text of contemporary sociology alongside earlier typifications of society as postindustrial and current debates about the social dimensions of the postmodern.</p> <p></p> <p>Underpinning the analysis is the notion of the `risk society'. The changing nature of society's relation to production and distribution is related to the environmental impact as a totalizing, globalizing economy based on scientific and technical knowledge becomes more central to social organization and social conflict.
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              Spaces of dependence, spaces of engagement and the politics of scale, or: looking for local politics

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                revcipol
                Revista de ciencia política (Santiago)
                Rev. cienc. polít. (Santiago)
                Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Instituto de Ciencia Política (Santiago, , Chile )
                0718-090X
                2004
                : 24
                : 2
                : 116-132
                Affiliations
                [01] orgnameUniversidad de Québec Canadá jouve.bernard@ 123456uqam.ca
                Article
                S0718-090X2004000200006 S0718-090X(04)02400206
                10.4067/S0718-090X2004000200006
                c55abe0c-4c63-4af1-a9d5-412473a4314c

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 81, Pages: 17
                Product

                SciELO Chile

                Categories
                ARTÍCULOS

                Political Participation,Governance,Local Democracy,Citizenship,Empowerment

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