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      Actitud empática en estudiantes de odontología de la Corporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez en la ciudad de Cartagena Translated title: Atitude empática em estudantes de odontologia da Universidade Corporation Rafael Núñez na cidade de Cartagena Translated title: Empathetic Attitude in Dentistry Students at Corporación Universitaria Rafael Nuñez in Cartagena

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: la empatía como un aspecto de la personalidad cumple una función importante en las relaciones interpersonales, facilitando la comunicación y la relación odontólogo-paciente. Logrando mejorar la calidad de la atención odontológica. El propósito del estudio fue describir el grado de actitud empática de estudiantes de pregrado de odontología en una institución universitaria de la ciudad de Cartagena, Colombia, según género y niveles de enseñanza. Materiales y métodos: estudio exploratorio de corte transversal. La muestra de 326 estudiantes de 1° a 5° año. Se utilizó la escala de empatía médica de Jefferson versión "S" (EEMJ), psicométricamente validada. Para el análisis se aplicó la prueba de normalidad de Shapiro-Wilk. Se compararon las medias mediante un análisis de varianza bifactorial modelo III con interacción de primer orden (Anova), significancia p < 0,05. Resultados: la confiabilidad fue satisfactoria (0,72). Los puntajes obtenidos en la EEMJ variaron entre un mínimo de 54 y un máximo de 130 puntos para las mujeres y un mínimo de 55 y un máximo de 126 para los hombres; el promedio global de empatía fue bajo: 95,80 ± 12,9; no fueron significativos (p=0,185) para nivel académico y género (p = 0,25). Conclusión: a pesar de que no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas de orientación empática entre años académicos y género, se destaca que en el último año de la carrera aumentó el puntaje; los hombres reportaron niveles mayores de orientación empática en valores absolutos que las mujeres; el mayor nivel de orientación empática se detectó en tercer año.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Introdução: empatia refere-se a um aspecto da personalidade que desempenha um papel importante em relacionamentos interpessoais, facilitando relação dentista-paciente comunicação e competição, essa interação adequada tenderá a melhorar a qualidade do atendimento odontológico oferecido. O objetivo foi descrever o grau de atitude empática que os alunos têm de Graduação em Odontologia na cidade de Cartagena, Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: estudo exploratório e transversal, a amostra foi composta por 326 estudantes do 1° ao 5° ano. Foi utilizada escala de médico Empathy Jefferson versão «S» (EEMJ) (2), psicometricamente validados para medir a empatia. Para a análise dos resultados do teste foi aplicado Shapiro-Wilk normalidade médias foram comparadas usando um análise de variância (Anova) bifatorial Modelo III com a interação de primeira ordem. Com um nível de significância de p <0,05. Resultados: a confiabilidade foi satisfatória (0,72). Os escores obtidos no JSPE variou de um mínimo de 54 e um máximo de 130 pontos para as mulheres e um mínimo de 55 e um máximo de 126 para os homens, as médias de empatia globais foi baixa 85,2 ± DE, os resultados não foram significativos (p = 0,185) para o fator de nível académico e sexo (p = 0,25). Conclussão: embora não houvesse diferenças estatisticamente significativas na orientação empática entre os anos acadêmicos e de gênero; destaca-se que no último ano da corrida a pontuação aumentou; Os homens relataram níveis mais elevados de orientação empática em valores absolutos do que as mulheres; o nível mais alto de orientação empática foi detectado no grupo do terceiro ano.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Introduction: Empathy refers to an aspect of personality that plays an important role in interpersonal relationships, facilitating communication in order to favor the dentist-patient relationship. This interaction will improve the quality of dental care service. The aim of this study was to describe the self-reported empathy levels among dental undergraduate students, according to gender and education levels. Materials and methods: exploratory and cross-sectional questionnaire based study was carried out with a sample size of 326 undergraduate dental students. Data was obtained from the first to the final year, empathy levels of students were assessed by the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy-Health Profession Students Version Questionnaire, psychometrically validated to measure empathy. For the analysis of the results, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test was applied. The means were compared using an analysis of variance with bifactorial Model type III (Anova) with first order interaction. With a significance level of p <0.05. Results: reliability was satisfactory (0.72). The scores obtained in the EEMJ ranged from a minimum of 54 to a maximum of 130 points for women and a minimum of 55 and a maximum of 126 for men, the average of global empathy scores was 95,80±12,9, The results were not significant (p = 0.185) for the academic level factor and gender (p = 0.25). Conclusion: although there were no statistically significant differences in empathic orientation between the academic and gender years; it is highlighted that in the last year of the race the score increased; men reported higher levels of empathic orientation in absolute values than women; the highest level of empathic orientation was detected in the third year group.

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          Empathy in medical students as related to academic performance, clinical competence and gender.

          Empathy is a major component of a satisfactory doctor-patient relationship and the cultivation of empathy is a learning objective proposed by the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) for all American medical schools. Therefore, it is important to address the measurement of empathy, its development and its correlates in medical schools. We designed this study to test two hypotheses: firstly, that medical students with higher empathy scores would obtain higher ratings of clinical competence in core clinical clerkships; and secondly, that women would obtain higher empathy scores than men. A 20-item empathy scale developed by the authors (Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy) was completed by 371 third-year medical students (198 men, 173 women). Associations between empathy scores and ratings of clinical competence in six core clerkships, gender, and performance on objective examinations were studied by using t-test, analysis of variance, chi-square and correlation coefficients. Both research hypotheses were confirmed. Empathy scores were associated with ratings of clinical competence and gender, but not with performance in objective examinations such as the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT), and Steps 1 and 2 of the US Medical Licensing Examinations (USMLE). Empathy scores are associated with ratings of clinical competence and gender. The operational measure of empathy used in this study provides opportunities to further examine educational and clinical correlates of empathy, as well as stability and changes in empathy at different stages of undergraduate and graduate medical education.
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            Medical student attitudes toward the doctor-patient relationship.

            Medical educators have emphasized the importance of teaching patient-centred care. To describe and quantify the attitudes of medical students towards patient-centred care and to examine: (a) the differences in these attitudes between students in early and later years of medical school; and (b) factors associated with patient-centred attitudes. We surveyed 673 students in the first, third, and fourth years of medical school. Our survey utilized the Patient-Practitioner Orientation Scale (PPOS), a validated instrument designed to measure individual preferences towards various aspects of the doctor-patient relationship. Total PPOS scores can range from patient-centred (egalitarian, whole person oriented) to disease- or doctor-centred (paternalistic, less attuned to psychosocial issues). Additional demographic data including gender, age, ethnicity, undergraduate coursework, family medical background and specialty choice were collected from the fourth year class. A total of 510 students (76%) completed data collection. Female gender (P < 0.001) and earlier year of medical school (P = 0.03) were significantly associated with patient-centred attitudes. Among fourth year students (n = 89), characteristics associated with more patient-centred attitudes included female gender, European-American ethnicity, and primary-care career choice (P < 0.05 for each comparison). Despite emphasis on the need for curricula that foster patient-centred attitudes among medical students, our data suggest that students in later years of medical school have attitudes that are more doctor-centred or paternalistic compared to students in earlier years. Given the emphasis placed on patient satisfaction and patient-centred care in the current medical environment, our results warrant further research and dialogue to explore the dynamics in medical education that may foster or inhibit student attitudes toward patient-centred care.
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              Measurement of changes in empathy during dental school.

              Empathy in the health care setting is the ability to understand a patient's experiences and feelings and the capability to communicate this understanding. Although empathy has been shown to play an important role in the dentist-patient relationship and is a core competence for dentists, no measure of empathy has been validated in the dental setting. Further, little is known about changes in empathy during dental school. We examined the psychometric properties of a measure of empathy applied to the dental school setting and compared levels of empathy in dental students across their four years of training. One hundred and thirty students completed a survey including the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy (JSPE). The JSPE was found to be both a reliable and valid empathy measure for dental students with similar psychometric properties to those found in medical students, residents, and physicians. Further, first-year dental students had significantly higher empathy scores than students in any subsequent year. Consistent with the literature in medical settings, the timing of the decline in empathy levels corresponded to increases in patient exposure. We suggest that training students in the interpersonal skills designed to enhance the dentist-patient relationship should continue throughout dental school training.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                recis
                Revista Ciencias de la Salud
                Rev. Cienc. Salud
                Editorial Universidad del Rosario (Bogotá, D:C:, Colombia )
                1692-7273
                April 2018
                : 16
                : 1
                : 129-143
                Affiliations
                [2] Santiago Araucanía orgnameUniversidad Autónoma de Chile Chile
                [1] Cartagena Bolívar orgnameCorporación Universitaria Rafael Núñez Colombia
                Article
                S1692-72732018000100129
                10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.6495
                c59dd6d0-f3bb-441a-8c97-c7b55215081a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 08 November 2017
                : 05 May 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 34, Pages: 15
                Product

                SciELO Colombia


                facultades de odontología,estudiantes de odontología (DECS-Bireme),empatia,odontologia,escolas de odontologia,faculdades de odontologia (DECS-Bireme),Empathy,odontology,dentistry schools,dental students (MESH),odontología

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