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      Recent Progresses in Nanobiosensing for Food Safety Analysis

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          Abstract

          With increasing adulteration, food safety analysis has become an important research field. Nanomaterials-based biosensing holds great potential in designing highly sensitive and selective detection strategies necessary for food safety analysis. This review summarizes various function types of nanomaterials, the methods of functionalization of nanomaterials, and recent (2014–present) progress in the design and development of nanobiosensing for the detection of food contaminants including pathogens, toxins, pesticides, antibiotics, metal contaminants, and other analytes, which are sub-classified according to various recognition methods of each analyte. The existing shortcomings and future perspectives of the rapidly growing field of nanobiosensing addressing food safety issues are also discussed briefly.

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          Most cited references132

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          Gold nanoparticles in chemical and biological sensing.

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            Aptamers: an emerging class of molecules that rival antibodies in diagnostics.

            Antibodies, the most popular class of molecules providing molecular recognition needs for a wide range of applications, have been around for more than three decades. As a result, antibodies have made substantial contributions toward the advancement of diagnostic assays and have become indispensable in most diagnostic tests that are used routinely in clinics today. The development of the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) process, however, made possible the isolation of oligonucleotide sequences with the capacity to recognize virtually any class of target molecules with high affinity and specificity. These oligonucleotide sequences, referred to as "aptamers", are beginning to emerge as a class of molecules that rival antibodies in both therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Aptamers are different from antibodies, yet they mimic properties of antibodies in a variety of diagnostic formats. The demand for diagnostic assays to assist in the management of existing and emerging diseases is increasing, and aptamers could potentially fulfill molecular recognition needs in those assays. Compared with the bellwether antibody technology, aptamer research is still in its infancy, but it is progressing at a fast pace. The potential of aptamers may be realized in the near future in the form of aptamer-based diagnostic products in the market. In such products, aptamers may play a key role either in conjunction with, or in place of, antibodies. It is also likely that existing diagnostic formats may change according to the need to better harness the unique properties of aptamers.
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              Carbon nanomaterials in biosensors: should you use nanotubes or graphene?

              From diagnosis of life-threatening diseases to detection of biological agents in warfare or terrorist attacks, biosensors are becoming a critical part of modern life. Many recent biosensors have incorporated carbon nanotubes as sensing elements, while a growing body of work has begun to do the same with the emergent nanomaterial graphene, which is effectively an unrolled nanotube. With this widespread use of carbon nanomaterials in biosensors, it is timely to assess how this trend is contributing to the science and applications of biosensors. This Review explores these issues by presenting the latest advances in electrochemical, electrical, and optical biosensors that use carbon nanotubes and graphene, and critically compares the performance of the two carbon allotropes in this application. Ultimately, carbon nanomaterials, although still to meet key challenges in fabrication and handling, have a bright future as biosensors.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Academic Editor
                Journal
                Sensors (Basel)
                Sensors (Basel)
                sensors
                Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
                MDPI
                1424-8220
                19 July 2016
                July 2016
                : 16
                : 7
                : 1118
                Affiliations
                [1 ]College of Food Science & Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China; yangtao807@ 123456163.com (T.Y.); huanghuifen011@ 123456163.com (H.H.); lwsw01@ 123456163.com (F.Z.); linql0403@ 123456126.com (Q.L.); wolaitb@ 123456163.com (L.Z.)
                [2 ]Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: liujunwen@ 123456csu.edu.cn ; Tel.: +86-731-8265-0436
                Article
                sensors-16-01118
                10.3390/s16071118
                4970161
                27447636
                c5baf742-afac-4ecd-a0a6-f384ed56debf
                © 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

                This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 02 May 2016
                : 14 July 2016
                Categories
                Review

                Biomedical engineering
                nanobiosensing,food safety analysis,function of nanomaterials
                Biomedical engineering
                nanobiosensing, food safety analysis, function of nanomaterials

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