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      Tratamento motor da fala na disartria flácida: um estudo de caso Translated title: Motor speech treatment in flaccid dysarthria: a case report

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Este estudo descreveu o processo de avaliação das bases motoras e de intervenção, conduzido através da hierarquia do tratamento motor da fala em uma pessoa do sexo masculino, de 45 anos, que possui disartria flácida decorrente de acidente vascular encefálico. O paciente recebeu tratamento fonoaudiológico após três anos da lesão cerebral, dividido em 25 sessões semanais, que ocorreram durante oito meses. Foram realizadas avaliações fonoaudiológicas pré e pós terapia, bem como após cada período de tratamento de uma base motora. A terapia obedeceu à hierarquia do tratamento motor da fala, iniciando pela reabilitação da respiração, ressonância e prosódia, seguindo para terapia da fonação e, por último, ajustes da articulação. O paciente apresentou aperfeiçoamento em todas as bases motoras, adquirindo adequado suporte respiratório e ressonância durante a fala, melhorias na prosódia e precisão articulatória e mais estabilidade vocal. Além disso, quanto à autopercepção do paciente, em relação aos progressos terapêuticos, este relatou diminuição dos impactos da disartria na sua qualidade de vida. Sendo assim, foram evidenciados os benefícios do tratamento fonoaudiológico na disartria, principalmente ao seguir a estrutura proposta pela hierarquia do tratamento motor da fala. Os resultados permitiram concluir que uma adequada abordagem terapêutica pode proporcionar ganhos, mesmo alguns anos após a lesão cerebral.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT This study described the motor speech bases assessment and therapeutic process conducted through the hierarchy of motor speech treatment in a 45-year-old person, male, that has flaccid dysarthria caused by stroke. This patient received speech-language therapy after three years since the brain lesion, during 25 weekly sessions that occurred in 8 months. Speech-language assessments were applied before and after therapy, as well as a specific evaluation after each base motor treatment. Therapy obeyed the hierarchy of motor speech treatment, initiating with respiratory and resonance rehabilitation, following by prosodic therapy, phonatory treatment and, lately, articulatory treatment. The patient showed improvements in all motor speech bases, acquiring adequacy in respiratory support and resonance during the speech, improvements in prosody, more articulatory precision, and vocal stability. Beyond that, about patient self-perception about therapeutic progressions, he related reduction of the dysarthria impacts in his life quality. In this way, the benefits of speech-language therapy in dysarthria had been evidenced, mainly at following the proposal of the hierarchy of motor speech treatment structure. Results allowed us to conclude that an appropriate therapeutic approach may offer benefits even years after cerebral lesion.

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          Neuroplasticity of Language Networks in Aphasia: Advances, Updates, and Future Challenges

          Researchers have sought to understand how language is processed in the brain, how brain damage affects language abilities, and what can be expected during the recovery period since the early 19th century. In this review, we first discuss mechanisms of damage and plasticity in the post-stroke brain, both in the acute and the chronic phase of recovery. We then review factors that are associated with recovery. First, we review organism intrinsic variables such as age, lesion volume and location and structural integrity that influence language recovery. Next, we review organism extrinsic factors such as treatment that influence language recovery. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of language recovery and highlight recent work that emphasizes a network perspective of language recovery. Finally, we propose our interpretation of the principles of neuroplasticity, originally proposed by Kleim and Jones (1) in the context of extant literature in aphasia recovery and rehabilitation. Ultimately, we encourage researchers to propose sophisticated intervention studies that bring us closer to the goal of providing precision treatment for patients with aphasia and a better understanding of the neural mechanisms that underlie successful neuroplasticity.
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            Protocol of orofacial myofunctional evaluation with scores.

            In the literature there is no validated instrument for the clinical evaluation of the orofacial myofunctional condition of children that will permit the examiner to express numerically his perception of the characteristics and behaviors observed. The proposal of this study is to describe a protocol for the evaluation of children aged 6-12 years in order to establish relations between the orofacial myofunctional conditions and numerical scales. The protocol validity, reliability of the examiners and agreement between them was analyzed. Eighty children aged 6-12 years participated in the study. All were evaluated and 30 were selected at random for the analyses (age range: 72-149 months, mean=103.3, S.D.=23.57). Individuals with and without orofacial myofunctional disorders were included. The examiners were two speech therapists properly calibrated in orofacial myofunctional evaluation. Two protocols were constructed. One, based on traditional models, was called traditional orofacial myofunctional evaluation (TOME), and the other, with the addition of numerical scales, was called orofacial myofunctional evaluation with scores (OMES). The clinical conditions included were: appearance, posture and mobility of lips, tongue, cheeks and jaws, respiration, mastication and deglutition. Statistical analysis was performed using the split-half reliability method. Means, standard deviations and the Spearman correlation coefficient were also calculated. There was a statistically significant correlation between the evaluations of 30 children assessed with the TOME and OMES protocols (r=0.85, p<0.01). The reliability between protocols was 0.92. The test-retest reliability of the OMES instrument was 0.99 and the correlation was 0.98. Reliability between examiners 1 and 2 using the OMES protocol was 0.99, and the correlation was 0.98 (p<0.01). The OMES protocol proved to be a valid and reliable instrument for orofacial myofunctional evaluation, permitting the grading of orofacial myofunctional conditions within the limits of the selected items.
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              Validation of the Voice Handicap Index: 10 (VHI-10) to the Brazilian Portuguese

              PURPOSE: To validate the Voice Handicap Index - 10 (VHI-10) into Brazilian Portuguese and to check its psychometric measures. METHODS: The validation was performed following the guidelines suggested by the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Medical Outcomes Trust. A hundred ten individuals participated, 60 with vocal complaint, 6 males and 54 females, with age ranging from 21 to 82 years; and 50 without vocal complaint, 6 males and 44 females, age ranging from 18 to 87 years. The procedures performed were a voice self-assessment and the VHI-10. For the self-assessment, the individuals evaluated their vocal quality by means of a five-point scale: excellent, very good, good, fair and poor. The VHI-10 was administered twice to 30 of the 60 individuals with vocal complaint to determine the test-retest reproducibility. For checking the sensitivity, the VHI-10 was administered to 21 patients that underwent voice rehabilitation. RESULTS: The validity was determined by comparing the total score with the self-assessment results. Individuals that classified their voice as poor had a total score of 28.2 (standard deviation=8). Internal consistence was determined with high values of coefficient (p<0.001). Results showed a high level of reproducibility (p=0.0114). Sensitivity was demonstrated with a significant difference between pre and post-rehabilitation results (p<0.005). CONCLUSION: The VHI-10 is an instrument validated into Brazilian Portuguese, with psychometric measures of validity, reliability and sensibility proven and can be applied to individuals with voice problems.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                acr
                Audiology - Communication Research
                Audiol., Commun. Res.
                Academia Brasileira de Audiologia (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                2317-6431
                2019
                : 24
                : e2118
                Affiliations
                [01] Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul orgnameUniversidade Federal de Santa Maria Brazil
                [02] Utalca Talca orgnameUniversidade de Talca Chile
                Article
                S2317-64312019000100601
                10.1590/2317-6431-2018-2118
                c5e5df2a-ee94-4aae-84b4-6cc075361771

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 05 January 2019
                : 16 May 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 15, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Relato de Caso

                Adults,Speech therapy,Neuromuscular diseases,Articulation disorders,Dysarthria,Fonoterapia,Disartria,Transtornos da articulação,Doenças neuromusculares,Adultos

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