The Predictive Parameters of Erythropoietin Hyporesponsiveness in Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis

Abstract

Background:

The present study was aimed at investigating the predictive parameters of erythropoietin (epoetin) hyporesponsiveness in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD).

Methods:

We studied 40 patients with end-stage renal disease who had been receiving CAPD for at least 6 months and epoetin therapy for at least more than 2 months. Pearson’s simple correlation and multiple stepwise linear regression analysis was used to discover what parameter can predict epoetin resistance. We expressed epoetin resistance index (ERI) as ‘weekly epoetin dose/hematocrit/body weight’. The dose of epoetin is titrated by about 25% every 2 to 4 weeks to maintain a target hematocrit level between 33% and 36%.

Results:

We analyzed the relationship between ERI and other predictive parameters by Pearson’s correlation. These results showed ERI has a statistically significant correlation with transferrin saturation (TS) (r=−0.327, p=0.042), total weekly Kt/Vurea (r=−0.423, p=0.018), serum albumin level (r=−0.458, p=0.003), normalized protein catabolic rate (nPCR) (r=−0.479, p=0.006), normalized protein equivalent of total nitrogen appearance (nPNA) (r=−0.488, p=0.005) and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (r=0.332, p = 0.036). Regression analysis was performed using stepwise linear regression for multiple variables to discover the most independent variable which is correlated with ERI. ERI was entered as a dependent variable, whereas the other parameters (age, duration of peritoneal dialysis, serum albumin level, CRP, serum ferritin, total weekly Kt/Vurea, nPCR, nPNA, serum iPTH, serum aluminium, TS) were entered as independent variables. This analysis showed CRP is the most significant variable and, if CRP is excluded, nPNA is the significant variable. CRP has a statistically significant correlation with serum albumin level (r=−0.418, p=0.007) and total weekly Kt/Vurea (r=−0.366, p=0.043). High CRP group has more increased level of ERI (p<0.05), age (p<0.05) and serum creatinine level (p<0.05) than normal control, but more decreased level of serum albumin (p<0.01) and serum iron levels (p<0.05).

Conclusion:

These results indicate that CRP is the most important predictor of epoetin hyporesponsiveness.