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      Propuesta de manejo en reconstrucción microquirúrgica maxilar: serie de casos Translated title: Treatment proposal in microsurgical reconstruction of the maxilla: case series

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción y objetivo. Para la reconstrucción del maxilar se han descrito múltiples clasificaciones y algoritmos de manejo. Actualmente, el más aceptado es el planteado por Cordeiro y Santamaría. Presentamos nuestra experiencia en reconstrucción microquirúrgica del maxilar con colgajos libres de peroné y ánterolateral de muslo, con el objetivo de que se consideren herramientas de primera elección en la reconstrucción de defectos clasificados como tipo II y III. Material y método. Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo, serie de casos, en el que presentamos 7 casos clínicos de reconstrucción de maxilar con colgajo libre de peroné y ánterolateral de muslo realizados en el Hospital Universitario de La Samaritana (HUS) en Bogotá, Colombia, entre enero de 2018 y febrero de 2019. Resultados. Para la reconstrucción de los defectos IIa, IIb y IIIa utilizamos el colgajo libre de peroné. En maxilectomías clasificadas como IIIb implementamos el colgajo ánterolateral de muslo quimérico con vasto lateral. La supervivencia de los colgajos fue del 100%. Conclusiones. El colgajo libre de peroné es nuestra principal opción reconstructiva en los defectos por maxilectomías IIa, IIb y IIIa, mientras que el colgajo ánterolateral de muslo quimérico con vasto lateral es nuestro colgajo de elección en defectos tipo IIIb

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background and objective. Multiple classifications and management algorithms have been described for maxillary reconstruction, at the present time, the most widely accepted is described by Cordeiro and Santamaría. We present our experience in microsurgical reconstruction of the maxillary with free flaps retrieved from fibula and anterolateral thigh with the intent to consider it as a first-choice option in the reconstruction of defects classified as type II and III. Methods. A retrospective, descriptive, case series study of 7 maxillary reconstruction cases with free flap from fibula and anterolateral thigh is described. Database was recollected between January 2018 and February 2019 from Hospital Universitario de La Samaritana (HUS) in Bogotá, Colombia. Results. For the reconstruction of IIa, IIb and IIIa defects, a fibular free flap was used. For maxillectomies classified as IIIb, an anterolateral thigh and vast lateral chimeric free flap was implemented. Survival rate of the free flaps was observed at 100%. Conclusions. The fibular free flap is our primary reconstructive option in defects by maxillectomy classified as IIa, IIb and IIIa. In defects constituted as IIIb, our choice is an anterolateral thigh and vast lateral chimeric flap.

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          Most cited references18

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          Fibula free flap: a new method of mandible reconstruction.

          The fibula was investigated as a donor site for free-flap mandible reconstruction. It has the advantages of consistent shape, ample length, distant location to allow a two-team approach, and low donor-site morbidity. It can be raised with a skin island for composite-tissue reconstruction. Twelve segmental mandibular defects (average 13.5 cm) were reconstructed following resection for tumor, most commonly epidermoid carcinoma. Five defects consisted of bone alone, and four others had only a small amount of associated intraoral soft-tissue loss. Eleven patients underwent primary reconstructions. At least two osteotomies were performed on each graft, and miniplates were used for fixation in 11 patients. Six patients received postoperative radiation, and two patients received postoperative chemotherapy. The flaps survived in all patients. All osteotomies healed primarily. The septocutaneous blood supply was generally not adequate to support a skin island for intraoral soft-tissue replacement. The aesthetic result of the reconstruction was excellent in most patients, particularly in "bone only" defects. There was no long-term donor-site morbidity.
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            The free vascularized bone graft. A clinical extension of microvascular techniques.

            For the common problem of lower limb injury with extensive. Loss of skin and bone, a new method of free vascularized bone grafting has been used and integrated with an appropriate soft tissue flap repair. The technique was developed to salvage two legs which would otherwise have been amputated. The preliminary result in Case 2 is encouraging. This case would appear to be the first successful distant transfer of a composite fibular graft by microvascular anastomoses to be reported in man.
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              A classification system and algorithm for reconstruction of maxillectomy and midfacial defects.

              Maxillectomy defects become more complex when critical structures such as the orbit, globe, and cranial base are resected, and reconstruction with distant tissues becomes essential. This study reviews all maxillectomy defects reconstructed immediately using pedicled and free flaps to establish (1) a classification system and (2) an algorithm for reconstruction of these complex problems. Over a 5-year period, 60 flaps were used to reconstruct defects classified as the following: type I, limited maxillectomy (n = 7); type II, subtotal maxillectomy (n = 10); type IIIa, total maxillectomy with preservation of the orbital contents (n = 13); type IIIb, total maxillectomy with orbital exenteration (n = 18); and type IV, orbitomaxillectomy (n = 10). Free flaps (45 rectus abdominis and 10 radial forearm) were used in 55 patients (91.7 percent), and the temporalis muscle was transposed in five elderly patients who were not free-flap candidates. Vascularized (radial forearm osteocutaneous) bone flaps were used in four of the 60 patients (6.7 percent) and nonvascularized bone grafts in 17 (28.3 percent). Simultaneous reconstruction of the oral commissure using an Estandler procedure was performed in 10 patients with maxillectomy and through-and-through soft-tissue defects. Free-flap survival was 100 percent, with reexploration in five of 55 patients (9.1 percent) and partial-flap necrosis in one patient. Seven of the 60 patients (11.7 percent) had systemic complications, and four died within 30 days of hospitalization. Fifty patients had more than 6 months of follow-up with a mean time of 27.7 (+/- 15.6) months. Postoperative radiotherapy was administered in 32 of these patients (64.0 percent). Chewing and speech functions were assessed in 36 patients with type II, IIIa, and IIIb defects. A prosthetic denture was fixed in 15 of 36 patients (41.7 percent). Return to an unrestricted diet was seen in 16 patients (44.4 percent), a soft diet in 17 (47.2 percent), and a liquid diet in three (8.3 percent). Speech was assessed as normal in 14 of 36 patients (38.9 percent), near normal in 15 (41.7 percent), intelligible in six (16.7 percent), and unintelligible in one patient (2.8 percent). Globe and periorbital soft-tissue position was assessed in 14 patients with type I and IIIa defects. There were no cases of enophthalmos, and one patient had a mild vertical dystopia. Ectropion was observed in 10 of 14 patients (71.4 percent). Oral competence was considered good in all 10 patients with excision/reconstruction of the oral commissure; however, two patients (20 percent) developed microstomia after receiving radiotherapy. Aesthetic results were evaluated at least 6 months after reconstruction in 50 patients. They were good to excellent in 29 patients (58 percent) for whom cheek skin and lip were not resected, and poor to fair (42 percent) when the external skin or orbital contents were excised. Secondary procedures were required in 16 of 50 patients (32.0 percent). Free-tissue transfer provides the most effective and reliable form of immediate reconstruction for complex maxillectomy defects. The rectus abdominis and radial forearm flaps in combination with immediate bone grafting or as osteocutaneous flaps reliably provide the best aesthetic and functional results. An algorithm based on the type of maxillary resection can be followed to determine the best approach to reconstruction.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cpil
                Cirugía Plástica Ibero-Latinoamericana
                Cir. plást. iberolatinoam.
                Sociedad Española de Cirugía Plástica, Reparadora y Estética (SECPRE) (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0376-7892
                1989-2055
                December 2020
                : 46
                : 4
                : 455-464
                Affiliations
                [2] Bogotá orgnameHospital Universitario La Samaritana orgdiv1Servicio de Cirugía Plástica Colombia
                [3] Bogotá Bogotá orgnameUniversidad El Bosque Colombia
                [1] Bogotá Bogotá orgnameUniversidad El Bosque Colombia
                Article
                S0376-78922020000500009 S0376-7892(20)04600400009
                10.4321/s0376-78922020000500009
                c621b95d-b94c-4fb1-97d8-2ff5e0568c84

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 12 February 2020
                : 24 September 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 18, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Reconstructiva

                Maxillary reconstruction,Free fibula flap,Maxillectomy,Colgajo libre peroné,Colgajo libre ánterolateral muslo,Middle third face,Maxilectomía,Reconstrucción maxilar,Tercio medio facial,Anterolateral thigh flap

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