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      Atomic-scale observation of lithiation reaction front in nanoscale SnO2 materials.

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          Abstract

          In the present work, taking advantage of aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, we show that the dynamic lithiation process of anode materials can be revealed in an unprecedented resolution. Atomically resolved imaging of the lithiation process in SnO2 nanowires illustrated that the movement, reaction, and generation of b = [1[overline]1[overline]1] mixed dislocations leading the lithiated stripes effectively facilitated lithium-ion insertion into the crystalline interior. The geometric phase analysis and density functional theory simulations indicated that lithium ions initial preference to diffuse along the [001] direction in the {200} planes of SnO2 nanowires introduced the lattice expansion and such dislocation behaviors. At the later stages of lithiation, the Li-induced amorphization of rutile SnO2 and the formation of crystalline Sn and LixSn particles in the Li2O matrix were observed.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          ACS Nano
          ACS nano
          1936-086X
          1936-0851
          Jul 23 2013
          : 7
          : 7
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Department of Mechanical Engineering-Engineering Mechanics, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, Michigan 49931, USA.
          Article
          10.1021/nn402125e
          23730945
          c625945c-c61a-4b24-bdb1-0ced95cebee9
          History

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